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Reasoning LLMs show improved performance with longer chains of thought. However, recent work has highlighted their tendency to overthink, continuing to revise answers even after reaching the correct solution. We quantitatively confirm this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Xi Wang , James McInerney , Lequn Wang , Nathan Kallus

Hybrid reasoning language models are commonly controlled through high-level Think/No-think instructions to regulate reasoning behavior, yet we found that such mode switching is largely driven by a small set of trigger tokens rather than the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wang Yang , Debargha Ganguly , Xinpeng Li , Chaoda Song , Shouren Wang , Vikash Singh , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

Reasoning models excel at complex tasks such as coding and mathematics, yet their inference is often slow and token-inefficient. To improve the inference efficiency, post-training quantization (PTQ) usually comes with the cost of large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Keyu Lv , Manyi Zhang , Xiaobo Xia , Jingchen Ni , Shannan Yan , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Haoli Bai

Traditional language models operate autoregressively, i.e., they predict one token at a time. Rapid explosion in model sizes has resulted in high inference times. In this work, we propose DynaMo, a suite of multi-token prediction language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Shikhar Tuli , Chi-Heng Lin , Yen-Chang Hsu , Niraj K. Jha , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Attention-based architectures trained on internet-scale language data have demonstrated state of the art reasoning ability for various language-based tasks, such as logic problems and textual reasoning. Additionally, these Large Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Mark Van der Merwe , Devesh Jha

Continual pre-training (CPT) has been an important approach for adapting language models to specific domains or tasks. To make the CPT approach more traceable, this paper presents a technical report for continually pre-training Llama-3…

The advanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have inspired the development of various interactive web services or applications, such as ChatGPT, which offer query inference services for users. Unlike traditional DNN model, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Peizhuang Cong , Qizhi Chen , Haochen Zhao , Tong Yang

Large reasoning models (LRMs) excel at complex reasoning tasks but typically generate lengthy sequential chains-of-thought, resulting in long inference times before arriving at the final answer. To address this challenge, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Emil Biju , Shayan Talaei , Zhemin Huang , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Azalia Mirhoseini , Amin Saberi

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly solve difficult problems by producing "reasoning traces" before emitting a final response. However, it remains unclear how accuracy and decision commitment evolve along a reasoning trajectory, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Marthe Ballon , Brecht Verbeken , Vincent Ginis , Andres Algaba

Recent work explores latent reasoning to improve reasoning efficiency by replacing explicit reasoning trajectories with continuous representations in a latent space, yet its effectiveness varies across settings. Analysis of model confidence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xin Xu , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Haoliang Wang , Julian McAuley , Saayan Mitra

Token-level Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has become a standard way to elicit multi-step reasoning in large language models (LLMs), especially for mathematical word problems. However, generating long intermediate traces increases output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Disha Sheshanarayana , Rajat Subhra Pal , Manjira Sinha , Tirthankar Dasgupta

OpenAI o1 has shown that applying reinforcement learning to integrate reasoning steps directly during inference can significantly improve a model's reasoning capabilities. This result is exciting as the field transitions from the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jun Wang

Language models are often trained to maximize the likelihood of the next token given past tokens in the training dataset. However, during inference time, they are utilized differently, generating text sequentially and auto-regressively by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Zhepeng Cen , Yao Liu , Siliang Zeng , Pratik Chaudhari , Huzefa Rangwala , George Karypis , Rasool Fakoor

Large language models (LLMs) make remarkable progress in reasoning tasks. Among different reasoning modes, inductive reasoning, due to its better alignment with human learning, attracts increasing interest. However, research on inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Kedi Chen , Zhikai Lei , Xu Guo , Xuecheng Wu , Siyuan Zeng , Jianghao Yin , Yinqi Zhang , Qin Chen , Jie Zhou , Liang He , Qipeng Guo , Kai Chen , Wei Zhang

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and its variants have substantially improved the performance of language models on complex reasoning tasks, yet the precise mechanisms by which different strategies facilitate generalization remain poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Archiki Prasad , Mandar Joshi , Kenton Lee , Mohit Bansal , Peter Shaw

To reduce the cost and consumption of computing resources caused by computational redundancy and delayed reward assignment in long CoT, this research proposes the dynamic chain-of-thought (D-CoT) with adaptive reasoning time and steps. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Libo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) solve problems more accurately and interpretably when instructed to work out the answer step by step using a ``chain-of-thought'' (CoT) prompt. One can also improve LLMs' performance on a specific task by…

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has become a cornerstone of reasoning in large language models, yet its effectiveness is constrained by the limited expressiveness of discrete token sampling. Recent latent reasoning approaches attempt to alleviate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Renyu Fu , Guibo Luo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful post-training technique to incentivize the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). However, LLMs can respond very inconsistently to RL finetuning: some show substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhepeng Cen , Yihang Yao , William Han , Zuxin Liu , Ding Zhao

Recent advances in speech large language models (speech LLMs) have enabled seamless spoken interactions, but these systems still struggle with complex reasoning tasks. Previously, chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuning has been to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yi-Jen Shih , Desh Raj , Chunyang Wu , Wei Zhou , SK Bong , Yashesh Gaur , Jay Mahadeokar , Ozlem Kalinli , Mike Seltzer