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Developing autonomous agents that quickly explore an environment and adapt their behavior online is a canonical challenge in robotics and machine learning. While humans are able to achieve such fast online exploration and adaptation, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Andrew Wagenmaker , Zhiyuan Zhou , Sergey Levine

Due to the excellent capacities of large language models (LLMs), it becomes feasible to develop LLM-based agents for reliable user simulation. Considering the scarcity and limit (e.g., privacy issues) of real user data, in this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Ruiyang Ren , Peng Qiu , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Hua Wu , Ji-Rong Wen , Haifeng Wang

Building Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents is a promising research direction, which simulates human interaction with computers or mobile phones to perform diverse GUI tasks. However, a major challenge in developing generalized GUI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Bofei Zhang , Zirui Shang , Zhi Gao , Wang Zhang , Rui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Tao Yuan , Xinxiao Wu , Song-Chun Zhu , Qing Li

Web agents, like OpenAI's Operator and Google's Project Mariner, are powerful agentic systems pushing the boundaries of Large Language Models (LLM). They can autonomously interact with the internet at the user's behest, such as navigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Lars Krupp , Daniel Geißler , Vishal Banwari , Paul Lukowicz , Jakob Karolus

Multimodal large-scale models have significantly advanced the development of web agents, enabling perception and interaction with digital environments akin to human cognition. In this paper, we argue that web agents must first acquire…

Agentic search -- the task of training agents that iteratively reason, issue queries, and synthesize retrieved information to answer complex questions -- has achieved remarkable progress through reinforcement learning (RL). However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hansi Zeng , Liam Collins , Bhuvesh Kumar , Neil Shah , Hamed Zamani

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents show great potential for enabling foundation models to complete real-world tasks, revolutionizing human-computer interaction and improving human productivity. In this report, we present OmegaUse, a…

Exploration is essential to improve long-term recommendation quality, but it often degrades short-term business performance, especially in remote-first TV environments where users engage passively, expect instant relevance, and offer few…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Qiang Chen , Venkatesh Ganapati Hegde

Motives or goals are recognized in psychology literature as the most fundamental drive that explains and predicts why people do what they do, including when they browse the web. Although providing enormous value, these higher-ordered goals…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Jyun-Yu Jiang , Chia-Jung Lee , Longqi Yang , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Brent Hecht , Jaime Teevan

In this paper we review studies of the growth of the Internet and technologies that are useful for information search and retrieval on the Web. Search engines are retrieve the efficient information. We collected data on the Internet from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-10-18 Avinash N Bhute , B. B. Meshram

Improvements in the area of large language models have shifted towards the construction of models capable of using external tools and interpreting their outputs. These so-called web agents have the ability to interact autonomously with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Lars Krupp , Daniel Geißler , Paul Lukowicz , Jakob Karolus

Many static benchmarks are beginning to saturate: as models rapidly improve, they achieve near-perfect scores on fixed test sets, leaving little headroom to expose genuine model weaknesses -- and even expert-curated challenge sets quickly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Wenda Xu , Vilém Zouhar , Parker Riley , Mara Finkelstein , Markus Freitag , Daniel Deutsch

Efficiently solving real-world problems with LLMs increasingly hinges on their ability to interact with dynamic web environments and autonomously acquire external information. While recent research like Search-R1 and WebDancer demonstrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tao Yu , Zhengbo Zhang , Zhiheng Lyu , Junhao Gong , Hongzhu Yi , Xinming Wang , Yuxuan Zhou , Jiabing Yang , Ping Nie , Yan Huang , Wenhu Chen

With the rapid development of Large Vision Language Models, the focus of Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent tasks shifts from single-screen tasks to complex screen navigation challenges. However, real-world GUI environments, such as PC…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haolong Yan , Yeqing Shen , Xin Huang , Jia Wang , Kaijun Tan , Zhixuan Liang , Hongxin Li , Zheng Ge , Osamu Yoshie , Si Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Training web agents to navigate complex, real-world websites requires them to master $\textit{subtasks}$ - short-horizon interactions on multiple UI components (e.g., choosing the correct date in a date picker, or scrolling in a container…

Autonomous agents capable of planning, reasoning, and executing actions on the web offer a promising avenue for automating computer tasks. However, the majority of existing benchmarks primarily focus on text-based agents, neglecting many…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) action grounding is a critical step in GUI automation that maps language instructions to actionable elements on GUI screens. Most recent works of GUI action grounding leverage large GUI datasets to fine-tune…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yue Fan , Handong Zhao , Ruiyi Zhang , Yu Shen , Xin Eric Wang , Gang Wu

Despite the remarkable progress of large language models (LLMs), the capabilities of standalone LLMs have begun to plateau when tackling real-world, complex tasks that require interaction with external tools and dynamic environments.…

Reinforcement learning is commonly applied in residential energy management, particularly for optimizing energy costs. However, RL agents often face challenges when dealing with deceptive and sparse rewards in the energy control domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junlin Lu , Patrick Mannion , Karl Mason

Web agents--autonomous systems that navigate and execute tasks on the web on behalf of users--have the potential to transform how people interact with the digital world. However, the most capable web agents today rely on proprietary models…