Related papers: Design Didn't Prevent These Hazard Exposures
Regardless of the particular task we want them to perform in an environment, there are often shared safety constraints we want our agents to respect. For example, regardless of whether it is making a sandwich or clearing the table, a…
When AI systems are granted the agency to take impactful actions in the real world, there is an inherent risk that these systems behave in ways that are harmful. Typically, humans specify constraints on the AI system to prevent harmful…
Digital infrastructures are seeing convergence and connectivity at unprecedented scale. This is true for both current critical national infrastructures and emerging future systems that are highly cyber-physical in nature with complex…
Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are part of most critical infrastructures such as industrial automation and transportation systems. Thus, security incidents targeting CPSs can have disruptive consequences to assets and people. As prior…
For workers, the exposure to on-site hazards can result in fatalities and serious injuries. To improve safety outcomes, different approaches have been implemented for health and safety training in the construction sector, such as…
Reward functions are easy to misspecify; although designers can make corrections after observing mistakes, an agent pursuing a misspecified reward function can irreversibly change the state of its environment. If that change precludes…
As agents move into shared workspaces and their execution becomes visible, human-agent collaboration faces a fundamental shift from sequential delegation to concurrent co-creation. This raises a new coordination problem: what interaction…
Designing robots capable of generating interpretable behavior is a prerequisite for achieving effective human-robot collaboration. This means that the robots need to be capable of generating behavior that aligns with human expectations and,…
High-power hadron accelerators have strict limits on fractional beam loss. In principle, once a high-quality beam is set up in an acceptable state, beam loss should remain steady. However, in practice, there are many trips in operational…
This article introduces the problem of robust event disturbance rejection. Inspired by the design principle of linear output regulation, a control structure based on excitable systems is proposed. Unlike the linear case, contraction of the…
Non-functional requirements (NFRs) are commonly distinguished from functional requirements by differentiating how the system shall do something in contrast to what the system shall do. This distinction is not only prevalent in research, but…
Systematic deviations from standard Fermi-liquid behavior have been widely observed and documented in several classes of strongly correlated metals. For many of these systems, mounting evidence is emerging that the anomalous behavior is…
We introduce the notion of fault tolerant mechanism design, which extends the standard game theoretic framework of mechanism design to allow for uncertainty about execution. Specifically, we define the problem of task allocation in which…
Currently engineering efficient and successful event-driven applications based on the emerging Complex Event Processing (CEP) technology, is a laborious trial and error process. The proposed CEP design pattern approach should support CEP…
Even when a system is proven to be correct with respect to a specification, there is still a question of how complete the specification is, and whether it really covers all the behaviors of the system. Coverage metrics attempt to check…
Patterns of avoidance, adjacency, and association in complex systems design emerge from the system's underlying logical architecture (functional relationships among components) and physical architecture (component physical properties and…
Interactive assistance systems typically provide feedback after an action has been completed, supporting error recovery but not preventing the error itself. We present TRAFA, a real-time predictive feedback system for procedural tasks that…
The development of safety-critical systems requires the control of hazards that can potentially cause harm. To this end, safety engineers rely during the development phase on architectural solutions, called safety patterns, such as safety…
This paper is a tutorial on the proven but currently under-appreciated security mechanisms associated with "tagged" or "descriptor" architectures. The tutorial shows how the principles behind such architectures can be applied to mitigate or…
This paper reports the results of a series of field experiments designed to investigate how peer effects operate in a real work setting. Workers were hired from an online labor market to perform an image-labeling task and, in some cases, to…