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Mutation testing can be used to assess the fault-detection capabilities of a given test suite. To this aim, two characteristics of mutation testing frameworks are of paramount importance: (i) they should generate mutants that are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Michele Tufano , Jason Kimko , Shiya Wang , Cody Watson , Gabriele Bavota , Massimiliano Di Penta , Denys Poshyvanyk

Large language models (LLMs) have been massively applied to many tasks, often surpassing state-of-the-art approaches. While their effectiveness in code generation has been extensively studied (e.g., AlphaCode), their potential for code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Pablo Antonio Martínez , Gregorio Bernabé , José Manuel García

Modelica is a widely adopted language for simulating complex physical systems, yet effective model creation and optimization require substantial domain expertise. Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jiahui Xiang , Tong Ye , Peiyu Liu , Yinan Zhang , Wenhai Wang

LLM-based software engineering increasingly depends on executable, context-rich bug artifacts: paired correct and buggy code, methods under test (MUTs), documentation, and metadata. These artifacts support the training and evaluation of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tasfia Tasnim , Soneya Binta Hossain

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining popularity among software engineers. A crucial aspect of developing effective code generation LLMs is to evaluate these models using a robust benchmark. Evaluation benchmarks with quality issues can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Mohammed Latif Siddiq , Simantika Dristi , Joy Saha , Joanna C. S. Santos

Mutation analysis is a well-established technique for assessing test quality in the traditional software development paradigm by injecting artificial faults into programs. Its application to deep learning (DL) has expanded beyond classical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Zaheed Ahmed , Philip Makedonski , Jens Grabowski

Automatically graded programming assignments provide instant feedback to students and significantly reduce manual grading time for instructors. However, creating comprehensive suites of test cases for programming problems within automatic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Umar Alkafaween , Ibrahim Albluwi , Paul Denny

Large language models (LLMs) enable state-of-the-art semantic capabilities to be added to software systems such as semantic search of unstructured documents and text generation. However, these models are computationally expensive. At scale,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zafaryab Rasool , Scott Barnett , David Willie , Stefanus Kurniawan , Sherwin Balugo , Srikanth Thudumu , Mohamed Abdelrazek

This paper introduces UnitTenX, a state-of-the-art open-source AI multi-agent system designed to generate unit tests for legacy code, enhancing test coverage and critical value testing. UnitTenX leverages a combination of AI agents, formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yiannis Charalambous , Claudionor N. Coelho , Luis Lamb , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Mutation testing is used extensively to support the experimentation of software engineering studies. Its application to real-world projects is possible thanks to modern tools that automate the whole mutation analysis process. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-01-12 Thomas Laurent , Anthony Ventresque , Mike Papadakis , Christopher Henard , Yves Le Traon

Generation capabilities and language coverage of multilingual large language models (mLLMs) are advancing rapidly. However, evaluation practices for generative abilities of mLLMs are still lacking comprehensiveness, scientific rigor, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Julia Kreutzer , Eleftheria Briakou , Sweta Agrawal , Marzieh Fadaee , Kocmi Tom

Appropriate test data is a crucial factor to reach success in dynamic software testing, e.g., fuzzing. Most of the real-world applications, however, accept complex structure inputs containing data surrounded by meta-data which is processed…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Morteza Zakeri Nasrabadi , Saeed Parsa , Akram Kalaee

Practicing conversations with large language models (LLMs) presents a promising alternative to traditional in-person language learning. However, most LLMs generate text at a near-native level of complexity, making them ill-suited for first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Meiqing Jin , Liam Dugan , Chris Callison-Burch

Large Language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing challenges across diverse domains. Notably, recent studies have demonstrated that large language models significantly enhance the efficiency of biomolecular analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jiyue Jiang , Zikang Wang , Yuheng Shan , Heyan Chai , Jiayi Li , Zixian Ma , Xinrui Zhang , Yu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

The current landscape of research leveraging large language models (LLMs) is experiencing a surge. Many works harness the powerful reasoning capabilities of these models to comprehend various modalities, such as text, speech, images,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shansong Liu , Atin Sakkeer Hussain , Qilong Wu , Chenshuo Sun , Ying Shan

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in non-generative software maintenance tasks, such as fault localization (FL). Success in FL depends on a models ability to reason about program semantics beyond surface-level…

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods and metrics used to evaluate the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in code generation tasks. With the rapid growth in demand for automated software development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Liguo Chen , Qi Guo , Hongrui Jia , Zhengran Zeng , Xin Wang , Yijiang Xu , Jian Wu , Yidong Wang , Qing Gao , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Context: Machine learning (ML) may enable effective automated test generation. Objective: We characterize emerging research, examining testing practices, researcher goals, ML techniques applied, evaluation, and challenges. Methods: We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Afonso Fontes , Gregory Gay

Malformed, missing, or boundary-value inputs in microservice APIs can cascade across dependent services, threatening reliability. Robustness testing systematically exercises such inputs to expose server-side failures, but generating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hrushitha Goud Tigulla , Marco Vieira