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The Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is widely used to measure aberrations induced by atmospheric turbulence in adaptive optics systems. However if there exists strong atmospheric turbulence or the brightness of guide stars is low, the…
Recent work considered the ultimate (quantum) limit of the precision of estimating the distance between two point objects. It was shown that the performance gap between the quantum limit and that of ideal continuum image-plane direct…
With the emergence of the field of quantum communications, the appropriate choice of photonic degrees of freedom used for encoding information is of paramount importance. Highly precise techniques for measuring the polarisation, frequency,…
HERMES (High Energy Rapid Modular Ensemble of Satellites) pathfinder is an in-orbit demonstration consisting of a constellation of six 3U nano-satellites hosting simple but innovative detectors for the monitoring of cosmic high-energy…
Simultaneously sensing and resolving the position of measurands along an optical fiber enables numerous opportunities, especially for application in environments where massive sensor deployment is not feasible. Despite significant progress…
This work presents a comprehensive theoretical comparison between absorption-based and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-based atomic gradient sensing in a four-level tripod system. Both methods were evaluated under identical…
Using continuous wave superposition of spatial modes, we demonstrate experimentally displacement measurement of a light beam below the standard quantum limit. Multimode squeezed light is obtained by mixing a vacuum squeezed beam and a…
We experimentally demonstrate the conversion of a fundamental $\text{TEM}_{00}$ laser mode at 1064\,nm to higher order Hermite-Gaussian modes (HG) of arbitrary order via a commercially available liquid crystal Spatial Light Modulator (SLM).…
The Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes make up a complete and orthonormal basis, which have been extensively used to describe optical fields. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, deep learning-based modal decomposition (MD)…
In recent years, higher-order trace formulas of operator functions have attracted considerable attention to a large part of the perturbation theory community. In this direction, we prove estimates for traces of higher-order derivatives of…
A mode sorter separates a set of M orthogonal spatial modes in a shared input channel into M different output channels. Here we present an analytic derivation and experimental validation of a single plane device for sorting spatial modes…
The coherent superposition of orthogonal modes can result in transverse offsets, variations of the Rayleigh length and a reduction of the beam quality factor of the coherent sum of modes in comparison to the incoherent sum. Relations for…
We study the problem of estimating a function of many parameters acquired by sensors that are distributed in space, e.g., the spatial gradient of a field. We restrict ourselves to a setting where the distributed sensors are probed with…
Detecting oriented objects along with estimating their rotation information is one crucial step for analyzing remote sensing images. Despite that many methods proposed recently have achieved remarkable performance, most of them directly…
As the fields of optical microscopy, semiconductor technology and fundamental science increasingly aim for precision at or below the nanoscale, there is a burgeoning demand for sub-nanometric displacement and position sensing. We show that…
Image retrieval-based cross-view localization methods often lead to very coarse camera pose estimation, due to the limited sampling density of the database satellite images. In this paper, we propose a method to increase the accuracy of a…
This note describes the analytical derivation of the response of bullseye detectors to optical beats between higher-order spatial modes of the Laguerre-Gauss form, and subsequently the Hermite-Gauss form. Also included is a comparison with…
We demonstrate the possibility of surpassing the quantum noise limit for simultaneous multi-axis spatial displacement measurements that have zero mean values. The requisite resources for these measurements are squeezed light beams with…
Accurate and reliable optical remote sensing image-based small-ship detection is crucial for maritime surveillance systems, but existing methods often struggle with balancing detection performance and computational complexity. In this…
The paper aims at presenting a didactic and self-contained overview of Gauss-Hermite and Gauss-Laguerre laser beam modes. The usual textbook approach for deriving these modes is to solve the Helmoltz electromagnetic wave equation within the…