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Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have recently sky-rocketed in popularity and are now used in many applications, from car assistants to customer support. The development of conversational AI systems is supported by a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Johan Aronsson , Philip Lu , Daniel Strüber , Thorsten Berger

A central challenge in analyzing multivariate interactions within complex systems is to decompose how multiple inputs jointly determine an output. Existing approaches generally operate on observed probability distributions and can conflate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Clifford Bohm , Vincent R. Ragusa , Arend Hintze , Charles Ofria , Emily Dolson , Christoph Adami

We propose a framework for verifiable and compositional reinforcement learning (RL) in which a collection of RL subsystems, each of which learns to accomplish a separate subtask, are composed to achieve an overall task. The framework…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-13 Cyrus Neary , Aryaman Singh Samyal , Christos Verginis , Murat Cubuktepe , Ufuk Topcu

Existing Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) independently make driving decisions, but they face two significant limitations. First, in complex scenarios, ADS may misinterpret the environment and make inappropriate driving decisions. Second,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ziwei Song , Mingsong Lv , Tianchi Ren , Chun Jason Xue , Jen-Ming Wu , Nan Guan

Virtual testing of automated driving systems (ADS) has become an essential part of testing procedures for all automation levels. As ADS from automation level 3 and up are very complex, virtual testing for such systems is inevitable. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Demin Nalic , Aleksa Pandurevic , Arno Eichberger , Branko Rogic

Ensuring the reliability of autonomous driving perception systems requires extensive environment-based testing, yet real-world execution is often impractical. Synthetic datasets have therefore emerged as a promising alternative, offering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Dingyi Yao , Xinyao Han , Ruibo Ming , Zhihang Song , Lihui Peng , Jianming Hu , Danya Yao , Yi Zhang

This paper investigates runtime monitoring of perception systems. Perception is a critical component of high-integrity applications of robotics and autonomous systems, such as self-driving cars. In these applications, failure of perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Pasquale Antonante , Heath Nilsen , Luca Carlone

Evaluation methods for autonomous driving are crucial for algorithm optimization. However, due to the complexity of driving intelligence, there is currently no comprehensive evaluation method for the level of autonomous driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Shanhe You , Xuewen Luo , Xinhe Liang , Jiashu Yu , Chen Zheng , Jiangtao Gong

Modern automobiles have evolved from just being mechanical machines to having full-fledged electronics systems that enhance vehicle dynamics and driver experience. However, these complex hardware and software systems, if not properly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Arpit Narechania , Ahsan Qamar , Alex Endert

The development of high-level autonomous driving (AD) is shifting from perception-centric limitations to a more fundamental bottleneck, namely, a deficit in robust and generalizable reasoning. Although current AD systems manage structured…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kejin Yu , Yuhan Sun , Taiqiang Wu , Ruixu Zhang , Zhiqiang Lin , Yuxin Meng , Junjie Wang , Yujiu Yang

Cloud-native systems represent a significant leap in constructing scalable, large systems, employing microservice architecture as a key element in developing distributed systems through self-contained components. However, the decentralized…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Amr S. Abdelfattah

Automobiles have become the main means of transportation for human beings, and their failures in the process of operation are directly related to the life and property safety of drivers. Therefore, real-time operational status evaluation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-19 Zuo Yanhong , Xia Shilong , Zhou Chao , Yang Kun

AI agents execute complex multi-step processes, but current evaluation falls short: outcome metrics report success or failure without explaining why, and process-level approaches struggle to connect failure types to their precise locations…

To run a cloud application with the required service quality, operators have to continuously monitor the cloud application's run-time status, detect potential performance anomalies, and diagnose the root causes of anomalies. However,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Ruyue Xin , Hongyun Liu , Peng Chen , Paola Grosso , Zhiming Zhao

Self-adaptivity allows software systems to autonomously adjust their behavior during run-time to reduce the cost complexities caused by manual maintenance. In this paper, a framework for building an external adaptation engine for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-02-11 Mohammed Abufouda

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) increasingly rely on learning-based perception, yet safety-relevant failures often arise without component malfunction, driven instead by partial observability and semantic ambiguity in how risk is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jean Douglas Carvalho , Hugo Taciro Kenji , Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Glaucia Melo , Max Mauro Dias Santos , Deepa Kundur

We present a practical verification method for safety analysis of the autonomous driving system (ADS). The main idea is to build a surrogate model that quantitatively depicts the behaviour of an ADS in the specified traffic scenario. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Renjue Li , Tianhang Qin , Pengfei Yang , Cheng-Chao Huang , Youcheng Sun , Lijun Zhang

Specifying the intended behaviour of autonomous systems is becoming increasingly important but is fraught with many challenges. This technical report provides an overview of existing work on specifications of autonomous systems and places a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Andrew Sogokon , Burak Yuksek , Gokhan Inalhan , Neeraj Suri

In the recent years, there has been a rush towards highly autonomous systems operating in public environments, such as automated driving of road vehicles, passenger shuttle systems and mobile robots. These systems, operating in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Alexander Poddey , Tino Brade , Jan Erik Stellet , Wolfgang Branz

The integration of service-oriented architectures (SOA) with function offloading for distributed, intelligent transportation systems (ITS) offers the opportunity for connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) to extend their locally available…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Robin Dehler , Oliver Schumann , Jona Ruof , Michael Buchholz