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The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

Foundation models are pre-trained on large-scale datasets and subsequently fine-tuned on small-scale datasets using parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques like low-rank adapters (LoRA). In most previous works, LoRA weight…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Debasmit Das , Hyoungwoo Park , Munawar Hayat , Seokeon Choi , Sungrack Yun , Fatih Porikli

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have become essential for deploying large language models, yet their static parameter allocation remains suboptimal for inputs of varying complexity. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Han Zhou , Zihao Fu , Nigel Collier

Existing low-rank adaptation (LoRA) methods face challenges on sparse large language models (LLMs) due to the inability to maintain sparsity. Recent works introduced methods that maintain sparsity by augmenting LoRA techniques with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yuxuan Hu , Jing Zhang , Xiaodong Chen , Zhe Zhao , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen

The fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is pivotal for achieving optimal performance across diverse downstream tasks. However, while full fine-tuning delivers superior results, it entails significant computational and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yao Liang , Yuwei Wang , Yi Zeng

Low-rank adaption (LoRA) is a representative method in the field of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), and is key to Democratizating the modern large language models (LLMs). The vanilla LoRA is implemented with uniform ranks, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yi Zhao , Qinghua Yao , Xinyuan song , Wei Zhu

LoRA achieves remarkable resource efficiency and comparable performance when adapting LLMs for specific tasks. Since ChatGPT demonstrated superior performance on various tasks, there has been a growing desire to adapt one model for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yiming Wang , Yu Lin , Xiaodong Zeng , Guannan Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as question-answering, sentiment analysis, text summarization, and machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Afia Anjum , Maksim E. Eren , Ismael Boureima , Boian Alexandrov , Manish Bhattarai

With the rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs), serving numerous low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) concurrently has become increasingly impractical, leading to unaffordable costs and necessitating more parameter-efficient finetuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sheng Wang , Boyang Xue , Jiacheng Ye , Jiyue Jiang , Liheng Chen , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely used paradigm for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models, yet its representational capacity often lags behind full fine-tuning. Within the context of LoRA, a key open question…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xin Yu , Cong Xie , Ziyu Zhao , Tiantian Fan , Lingzhou Xue , Zhi Zhang

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a predominant parameter-efficient finetuning method for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. Meanwhile, Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures demonstrate superior energy efficiency due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Taiqiang Wu , Chenchen Ding , Wenyong Zhou , Yuxin Cheng , Xincheng Feng , Shuqi Wang , Wendong Xu , Chufan Shi , Zhengwu Liu , Ngai Wong

Human Activity Recognition is a foundational task in pervasive computing. While recent advances in self-supervised learning and transformer-based architectures have significantly improved HAR performance, adapting large pretrained models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Irina Seregina , Philippe Lalanda , German Vega

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, fine-tuning LLMs is extraordinarily computationally expensive, preventing smaller businesses and research teams with limited GPU resources from engaging with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Daniel Frees , Aditri Bhagirath , Moritz Bolling

LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) has emerged as a preferred method for efficiently adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable simplicity and efficacy. This note extends the original LoRA paper by offering new perspectives that were not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Vlad Fomenko , Han Yu , Jongho Lee , Stanley Hsieh , Weizhu Chen

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely-used parameter-efficient finetuning method for large language models. LoRA saves memory by training only low rank perturbations to selected weight matrices. In this work, we compare the performance of…

In this work, we propose norm-bounded low-rank adaptation (NB-LoRA) for parameter-efficient fine tuning. NB-LoRA is a novel parameterization of low-rank weight adaptations that admits explicit bounds on each singular value of the adaptation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ruigang Wang , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Ian R. Manchester

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient method for fine-tuning Large Langauge Models. It updates the weight matrix as $W=W_0+sBA$, where $W_0$ is the original frozen weight, $s$ is a scaling factor and $A$,$B$ are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yize Wu , Ke Gao , Ling Li , Yanjun Wu

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) and storing them for each downstream task or domain is impractical because of the massive model size (e.g., 350GB in GPT-3). Current literature, such as LoRA, showcases the potential of low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Soroush Abbasi Koohpayegani , KL Navaneet , Parsa Nooralinejad , Soheil Kolouri , Hamed Pirsiavash

We study the computational limits of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for finetuning transformer-based models using fine-grained complexity theory. Our key observation is that the existence of low-rank decompositions within the gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Maojiang Su , En-Jui Kuo , Zhao Song , Han Liu

With the increasing number of parameters in large pre-trained models, LoRA as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning(PEFT) method is widely used for not adding inference overhead. The LoRA method assumes that weight changes during fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jihao Gu , Shuai Chen , Zelin Wang , Yibo Zhang , Ping Gong