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Evaluating large language models (LLMs) on question answering often relies on static benchmarks that reward memorization and understate the role of retrieval, failing to capture the dynamic nature of world knowledge. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Heng Zhou , Ao Yu , Yuchen Fan , Jianing Shi , Li Kang , Hejia Geng , Yongting Zhang , Yutao Fan , Yuhao Wu , Tiancheng He , Yiran Qin , Lei Bai , Zhenfei Yin

We present DocPuzzle, a rigorously constructed benchmark for evaluating long-context reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). This benchmark comprises 100 expert-level QA problems requiring multi-step reasoning over long…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Tianyi Zhuang , Chuqiao Kuang , Xiaoguang Li , Yihua Teng , Jihao Wu , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang

Most of the existing Large Language Model (LLM) benchmarks on scientific problem reasoning focus on problems grounded in high-school subjects and are confined to elementary algebraic operations. To systematically examine the reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Xiaoxuan Wang , Ziniu Hu , Pan Lu , Yanqiao Zhu , Jieyu Zhang , Satyen Subramaniam , Arjun R. Loomba , Shichang Zhang , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. The dominant paradigm, outcome-supervised reinforcement learning (RLVR), rewards only correct final answers, often propagating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Beining Wang , Weihang Su , Hongtao Tian , Tao Yang , Yujia Zhou , Ting Yao , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

Innovation is a key driving force of human civilization. As the body of knowledge has grown considerably, bridging knowledge across different disciplines, where significant innovation often emerges, has become increasingly challenging. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Yuanhao Shen , Daniel Xavier de Sousa , Ricardo Marçal , Hongyu Guo , Xiaodan Zhu

Large language models excel on static benchmarks, but their ability as self-learning agents in dynamic environments remains unclear. We evaluate three prompting strategies: self-reflection, heuristic mutation, and planning across dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used to automate programming tasks. Their capabilities have been evaluated by assessing the quality of generated code through tests or proofs. The extent to which they can reason about code is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Changshu Liu , Yang Chen , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted as the core of agent frameworks in various scenarios, such as social simulations and AI companions. However, the extent to which they can replicate human-like motivations remains an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xixian Yong , Jianxun Lian , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xiao Zhou , Xing Xie

The ability to process information from multiple modalities and to reason through it step-by-step remains a critical challenge in advancing artificial intelligence. However, existing reasoning benchmarks focus on text-only reasoning, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yulun Jiang , Yekun Chai , Maria Brbić , Michael Moor

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress on vision language benchmarks, yet their capacity for visual cognitive and visuospatial reasoning remains less understood. We introduce "Mind's Eye", a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Rohit Sinha , Aditya Kanade , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Tanuja Ganu

Reasoning ability has become a central focus in the advancement of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Although notable progress has been achieved on several reasoning benchmarks such as MATH500 and LiveCodeBench, existing benchmarks for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Henan Sun , Kaichi Yu , Yuyao Wang , Bowen Liu , Xunkai Li , Rong-Hua Li , Nuo Chen , Jia Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown great potential in perception and interpretation tasks, but their capabilities in predictive reasoning remain under-explored. To address this gap, we introduce a novel benchmark that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Mingwei Zhu , Leigang Sha , Yu Shu , Kangjia Zhao , Tiancheng Zhao , Jianwei Yin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in various evaluation benchmarks. However, concerns are raised about potential data contamination in their considerable volume of training corpus. Moreover, the static nature…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Kaijie Zhu , Jiaao Chen , Jindong Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Diyi Yang , Xing Xie

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) holds promise for reforming the methodology of spatio-temporal data mining. However, current works for evaluating the spatio-temporal understanding capability of LLMs are somewhat limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Wenbin Li , Di Yao , Ruibo Zhao , Wenjie Chen , Zijie Xu , Chengxue Luo , Chang Gong , Quanliang Jing , Haining Tan , Jingping Bi

The performance of large language models (LLMs) on existing reasoning benchmarks has significantly improved over the past years. In response, we present JEEBench, a considerably more challenging benchmark dataset for evaluating the problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Daman Arora , Himanshu Gaurav Singh , Mausam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

Understanding how data moves, transforms, and persists, known as data flow, is fundamental to reasoning in procedural tasks. Despite their fluency in natural and programming languages, large language models (LLMs), although increasingly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vishal Pallagani , Nitin Gupta , John Aydin , Biplav Srivastava

Exceptional mathematical reasoning ability is one of the key features that demonstrate the power of large language models (LLMs). How to comprehensively define and evaluate the mathematical abilities of LLMs, and even reflect the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zihao Zhou , Shudong Liu , Maizhen Ning , Wei Liu , Jindong Wang , Derek F. Wong , Xiaowei Huang , Qiufeng Wang , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential but face challenges in complex financial reasoning tasks requiring both domain knowledge and sophisticated reasoning. Current evaluation benchmarks often fall short by not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Shaoyu Dou , Yutian Shen , Mofan Chen , Zixuan Wang , Jiajie Xu , Qi Guo , Kailai Shao , Chao Chen , Haixiang Hu , Haibo Shi , Min Min , Liwen Zhang

The cognitive mechanism by which Large Language Models (LLMs) solve mathematical problems remains a widely debated and unresolved issue. Currently, there is little interpretable experimental evidence that connects LLMs' problem-solving with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wei Xie , Shuoyoucheng Ma , Zhenhua Wang , Enze Wang , Kai Chen , Xiaobing Sun , Baosheng Wang