English
Related papers

Related papers: KVCache Cache in the Wild: Characterizing and Opti…

200 papers

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism and the substantial memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache present severe computational and memory challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs) processing long contexts. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dongfang Li , Zixuan Liu , Gang Lin , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) utilize key-value (KV) cache to store historical information during sequence processing. The size of KV cache grows linearly as the length of the sequence extends, which seriously affects memory usage and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yijun Liu , Yixuan Wang , Yuzhuang Xu , Shiyu Ji , Yang Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular, transforming a wide range of applications across various domains. However, the real-world effectiveness of their query cache systems has not been thoroughly investigated. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiaxing Li , Chi Xu , Feng Wang , Isaac M von Riedemann , Cong Zhang , Jiangchuan Liu

LLMs are widely adopted in production, pushing inference systems to their limits. Disaggregated LLM serving (e.g., PD separation and KV state disaggregation) improves scalability and cost efficiency, but it also turns KV into an explicit…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zedong Liu , Xinyang Ma , Dejun Luo , Hairui Zhao , Bing Lu , Wenjing Huang , Yida Gu , Xingchen Liu , Zheng Wei , Jinyang Liu , Dingwen Tao , Guangming Tan

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) cache context as key-value (KV) pairs during inference. As context length grows, KV cache sizes expand, leading to substantial memory overhead and increased attention latency. This paper…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jang-Hyun Kim , Jinuk Kim , Sangwoo Kwon , Jae W. Lee , Sangdoo Yun , Hyun Oh Song

The growing complexity of LLM usage today, e.g., multi-round conversation and retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), makes contextual states (i.e., KV cache) reusable across user requests. Given the capacity constraints of GPU memory, only a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shiwei Gao , Youmin Chen , Jiwu Shu

The Key-Value (KV) cache in generative large language models (LLMs) introduces substantial memory overhead. Existing works mitigate this burden by offloading or compressing the KV cache. However, loading the entire cache incurs significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Dingyu Yao , Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Weiping Wang

Existing key-value (KV) cache compression methods typically rely on heuristics, such as uniform cache allocation across layers or static eviction policies, however, they ignore the critical interplays among layer-specific feature patterns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Bohan Yu , Yekun Chai

Serving large language models (LLMs) at scale necessitates efficient key-value (KV) cache management. KV caches can be reused across conversation turns via shared-prefix prompts that are common in iterative code editing and chat. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Konrad Staniszewski , Adrian Łańcucki

Large Language Models (LLMs) process millions of queries daily, making efficient response caching a compelling optimization for reducing cost and latency. However, preserving relevance to user queries using this approach proves difficult…

Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing but face significant challenges of high storage and runtime costs, due to the transformer architecture's reliance on self-attention, particularly the large KV cache for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yuan Feng , Junlin Lv , Haoyu Guo , Yukun Cao , S Kevin Zhou , Xike Xie

Memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capability for complex and long-horizon embodied planning. By keeping track of past experiences and environmental states, memory enables LLMs to maintain a global…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zebin Yang , Tong Xie , Baotong Lu , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Meng Li

Recent large language models (LLMs) with enormous model sizes use many GPUs to meet memory capacity requirements incurring substantial costs for token generation. To provide cost-effective LLM inference with relaxed latency constraints,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sanghyeon Lee , Hongbeen Kim , Soojin Hwang , Guseul Heo , Minwoo Noh , Jaehyuk Huh

LLM serving systems process heterogeneous query workloads where different categories exhibit different characteristics. Code queries cluster densely in embedding space while conversational queries distribute sparsely. Content staleness…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Chen Wang , Xunzhuo Liu , Yue Zhu , Alaa Youssef , Priya Nagpurkar , Huamin Chen

Serving LLMs with a cluster of GPUs is common nowadays, where the serving system must meet strict latency SLOs required by applications. However, the stateful nature of LLM serving requires maintaining huge states (i.e., KVCache) in limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Rongxin Cheng , Yuxin Lai , Xingda Wei , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

We study offline scheduling for large language model (LLM) serving under a fixed KV-cache memory budget, where requests have heterogeneous prompt (prefill) and response (decode) lengths. Prompt tokens determine initial KV usage, and each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Meixuan Wang , Yinyu Ye , Zijie Zhou

Efficient key-value (KV) cache management is crucial for the practical deployment of large language models (LLMs), yet existing compression techniques often incur a trade-off between performance degradation and computational overhead. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jang-Hyun Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently in multi-region setups remains a challenge. Due to cost and GPU availability concerns, providers typically deploy LLMs in multiple regions using instance with long-term commitments, like…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tian Xia , Ziming Mao , Jamison Kerney , Ethan J. Jackson , Zhifei Li , Jiarong Xing , Scott Shenker , Ion Stoica

As Large Language Models (LLMs) broaden their capabilities to manage thousands of API calls, they are confronted with complex data operations across vast datasets with significant overhead to the underlying system. In this work, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Simranjit Singh , Michael Fore , Andreas Karatzas , Chaehong Lee , Yanan Jian , Longfei Shangguan , Fuxun Yu , Iraklis Anagnostopoulos , Dimitrios Stamoulis

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen