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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in conversational tasks. Embodying an LLM as a virtual human allows users to engage in face-to-face social interactions in Virtual Reality. However, the influence of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Leon O. H. Kroczek , Alexander May , Selina Hettenkofer , Andreas Ruider , Bernd Ludwig , Andreas Mühlberger

LLM-powered conversational agents are increasingly influencing our decision-making, raising concerns about "sycophancy" - the tendency for LLMs to excessively agree with users even at the expense of truthfulness. While prior work has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuan Sun , Ting Wang

The paper investigates the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Conversational Agents (CAs) to encourage a shift in consumption patterns from a demand-driven to a supply-based paradigm. Specifically, the research examines the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Mathyas Giudici , Samuele Scherini , Pascal Chaussumier , Stefano Ginocchio , Franca Garzotto

Anthropomorphisation -- the phenomenon whereby non-human entities are ascribed human-like qualities -- has become increasingly salient with the rise of large language model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs). Unlike earlier chatbots,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Andrea Ferrario , Rasita Vinay , Matteo Casserini , Alessandro Facchini

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit sycophancy, distorting responses to align with user beliefs, notably by readily agreeing with user counterarguments. Paradoxically, LLMs are increasingly adopted as successful evaluative agents for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sungwon Kim , Daniel Khashabi

This work investigates how personality expression and embodiment affect personality perception and learning in educational conversational agents. We extend an existing personality-driven conversational agent framework by integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Sinan Sonlu , Bennie Bendiksen , Funda Durupinar , Uğur Güdükbay

Large language models (LLMs) enable conversational agents (CAs) to express distinctive personalities, raising new questions about how such designs shape user perceptions. This study investigates how personality expression levels and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hasibur Rahman , Smit Desai

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are paradigms of conversational user interfaces in the form of embodied characters. While ECAs offer various manipulable features, this paper focuses on a study conducted to explore two distinct levels…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Danai Korre

Due to privacy concerns, open dialogue datasets for mental health are primarily generated through human or AI synthesis methods. However, the inherent implicit nature of psychological processes, particularly those of clients, poses…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Lixiu Wu , Yuanrong Tang , Qisen Pan , Xianyang Zhan , Yucheng Han , Lanxi Xiao , Tianhong Wang , Chen Zhong , Jiangtao Gong

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are increasingly more realistic and capable of dynamic conversations. In online surveys, anthropomorphic agents could help address issues like careless responding and satisficing, which originate from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Matus Krajcovic , Peter Demcak , Eduard Kuric

Effective collaboration between embodied agents requires more than acting in a shared environment; it demands communication grounded in each agent's evolving understanding of the world. When agents can only partially observe their…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vardhan Dongre , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Figurative language is a challenge for language models since its interpretation is based on the use of words in a way that deviates from their conventional order and meaning. Yet, humans can easily understand and interpret metaphors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Philipp Wicke

Sycophancy, the tendency of LLM-based chatbots to express excessive agreement with their users, even when inappropriate, is emerging as a significant risk in human-AI interactions. However, the extent to which this affects human-LLM…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jessica Y. Bo , Majeed Kazemitabaar , Mengqing Deng , Michael Inzlicht , Ashton Anderson

Despite the ubiquity of large language models (LLMs) in AI research, the question of embodiment in LLMs remains underexplored, distinguishing them from embodied systems in robotics where sensory perception directly informs physical action.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Philipp Wicke , Lennart Wachowiak

We aim to evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) for embodied decision making. While a significant body of work has been leveraging LLMs for decision making in embodied environments, we still lack a systematic understanding of their…

Large language models (LLMs) often display sycophancy, a tendency toward excessive agreeability. This behavior poses significant challenges for multi-agent debating systems (MADS) that rely on productive disagreement to refine arguments and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Binwei Yao , Chao Shang , Wanyu Du , Jianfeng He , Ruixue Lian , Yi Zhang , Hang Su , Sandesh Swamy , Yanjun Qi

Embodied agents designed to assist users with tasks must engage in natural language interactions, interpret instructions, execute actions, and communicate effectively to resolve issues. However, collecting large-scale, diverse datasets of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Daniel Philipov , Vardhan Dongre , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as integral tools for reasoning, planning, and decision-making, drawing upon their extensive world knowledge and proficiency in language-related tasks. LLMs thus hold tremendous potential for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xudong Guo , Kaixuan Huang , Jiale Liu , Wenhui Fan , Natalia Vélez , Qingyun Wu , Huazheng Wang , Thomas L. Griffiths , Mengdi Wang

Embodiment can enhance conversational agents, such as increasing their perceived presence. This is typically achieved through visual representations of a virtual body; however, visual modalities are not always available, such as when users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yi Fei Cheng , Jarod Bloch , Alexander Wang , Andrea Bianchi , Anusha Withana , Anhong Guo , Laurie M. Heller , David Lindlbauer

People increasingly use large language models (LLMs) to explore ideas, gather information, and make sense of the world. In these interactions, they encounter agents that are overly agreeable. We argue that this sycophancy poses a unique…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Rafael M. Batista , Thomas L. Griffiths
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