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Related papers: VPI-Bench: Visual Prompt Injection Attacks for Com…

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Modern coding agents integrated into IDEs orchestrate powerful tools and high-privilege system access, creating a high-stakes attack surface. Prior work on Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI) is mainly query-specific, requiring particular user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yuchong Xie , Zesen Liu , Mingyu Luo , Zhixiang Zhang , Kaikai Zhang , Yuanyuan Yuan , Zongjie Li , Ping Chen , Shuai Wang , Dongdong She

Recent advances in operating system (OS) agents have enabled vision-language models (VLMs) to directly control a user's computer. Unlike conventional VLMs that passively output text, OS agents autonomously perform computer-based tasks in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Lukas Aichberger , Alasdair Paren , Guohao Li , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal , Adel Bibi

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) empower autonomous mobile agents, yet their security under realistic mobile deployment constraints remains underexplored. While agents are vulnerable to visual prompt injections, stealthily executing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Renhua Ding , Xiao Yang , Zhengwei Fang , Jun Luo , Kun He , Jun Zhu

We explore visual prompt injection (VPI) that maliciously exploits the ability of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to follow instructions drawn onto the input image. We propose a new VPI method, "goal hijacking via visual prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Subaru Kimura , Ryota Tanaka , Shumpei Miyawaki , Jun Suzuki , Keisuke Sakaguchi

Vision-language models (VLMs) have revolutionized multimodal AI applications but introduce novel security vulnerabilities that remain largely unexplored. We present the first comprehensive study of steganographic prompt injection attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Chetan Pathade

Agentic AI coding editors driven by large language models have recently become more popular due to their ability to improve developer productivity during software development. Modern editors such as Cursor are designed not just for code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yue Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Yunbo Lyu , Ting Zhang , Haoyu Wang , David Lo

The rapid deployment of open-source frameworks has significantly advanced the development of modern multi-agent systems. However, expanded action spaces, including uncontrolled privilege exposure and hidden inter-system interactions, pose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Wenhui Zhu , Xuanzhao Dong , Xiwen Chen , Rui Cai , Peijie Qiu , Zhipeng Wang , Oana Frunza , Shao Tang , Jindong Gu , Yalin Wang

AI agents integrated with Web3 offer autonomy and openness but raise security concerns as they interact with financial protocols and immutable smart contracts. This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of AI agents within blockchain-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Atharv Singh Patlan , Peiyao Sheng , S. Ashwin Hebbar , Prateek Mittal , Pramod Viswanath

As LLM agents transition from digital assistants to physical controllers in autonomous systems and robotics, they face an escalating threat from indirect prompt injection. By embedding adversarial instructions into the results of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qiang Yu , Xinran Cheng , Chuanyi Liu

As AI systems gain increasing autonomy and execution capability, the number of discovered security vulnerabilities continues to rise. However, many of these vulnerabilities are not fundamentally novel, but instead reflect recurring classes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kevin Eykholt , Dhilung Kirat , Xiaokui Shu , Jiyong Jang , Frederico Araujo , Ian Molloy

Although computer-use agents (CUAs) hold significant potential to automate increasingly complex OS workflows, they can demonstrate unsafe unintended behaviors that deviate from expected outcomes even under benign input contexts. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jaylen Jones , Zhehao Zhang , Yuting Ning , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Pierre-Luc St-Charles , Yoshua Bengio , Dawn Song , Yu Su , Huan Sun

Autonomous agents powered by large vision and language models (VLM) have demonstrated significant potential in completing daily computer tasks, such as browsing the web to book travel and operating desktop software, which requires agents to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yanzhe Zhang , Tao Yu , Diyi Yang

Computer use agents (CUA) are systems that automatically interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete tasks. CUA have made significant progress with the advent of large vision-language models (VLMs). However, these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Man Luo , David Cobbley , Xin Su , Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Shao-Yen Tseng , Phillip Howard

Modern vision-language-model (VLM) based graphical user interface (GUI) agents are expected not only to execute actions accurately but also to respond to user instructions with low latency. While existing research on GUI-agent security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Junxian Li , Tu Lan , Haozhen Tan , Yan Meng , Haojin Zhu

Computer use agents create new privacy risks: training data collected from real websites inevitably contains sensitive information, and cloud-hosted inference exposes user screenshots. Detecting personally identifiable information in web…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Nathan Zhao

Visual language modeling for automated driving is emerging as a promising research direction with substantial improvements in multimodal reasoning capabilities. Despite its advanced reasoning abilities, VLM-AD remains vulnerable to serious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dehong Kong , Sifan Yu , Siyuan Liang , Jiawei Liang , Jianhou Gan , Aishan Liu , Wenqi Ren

Recent advances in large image editing models have shifted the paradigm from text-driven instructions to vision-prompt editing, where user intent is inferred directly from visual inputs such as marks, arrows, and visual-text prompts. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jiacheng Hou , Yining Sun , Ruochong Jin , Haochen Han , Fangming Liu , Wai Kin Victor Chan , Alex Jinpeng Wang

We introduce GUI-360$^\circ$, a large-scale, comprehensive dataset and benchmark suite designed to advance computer-using agents (CUAs). CUAs present unique challenges and is constrained by three persistent gaps: a scarcity of real-world…

Modern AI-powered Integrated Development Environments (AI-IDEs) are increasingly defined by an Agent-centric architecture, where an LLM-powered Agent is deeply integrated to autonomously execute complex tasks. This tight integration,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xinpeng Liu , Junming Liu , Peiyu Liu , Han Zheng , Qinying Wang , Mathias Payer , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Existing red-teaming studies on GUI agents have important limitations. Adversarial perturbations typically require white-box access, which is unavailable for commercial systems, while prompt injection is increasingly mitigated by stronger…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wenkui Yang , Chao Jin , Haisu Zhu , Weilin Luo , Derek Yuen , Kun Shao , Huaibo Huang , Junxian Duan , Jie Cao , Ran He