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Blockchain is a growing decentralized system built for transparency and immutability. There have been several major attacks on blockchain-based systems, leaving a gap in the trustability of this system. This article presents a comprehensive…
Blockchain is a type of decentralized distributed database. Unlike traditional relational database management systems, it does not require management or maintenance by a third party. All data management and update processes are open and…
The application of Bitcoin enables people to understand blockchain technology gradually. Bitcoin is a decentralized currency that does not rely on third-party credit institutions, and the core of Bitcoin's underlying technology is…
Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management solution, the technological weapon-of-choice behind the success of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. As the number and variety of existing blockchain implementations continues…
Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative paradigm for decentralized and secure data management across diverse application domains, including healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things. Its core features,…
Public key infrastructures are essential for Internet security, ensuring robust certificate management and revocation mechanisms. The transition from centralized to decentralized systems presents challenges such as trust distribution and…
In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various…
Blockchain technology has emerged as one of the most transformative digital innovations of the 21st century. This paper presents a comprehensive review of blockchain's fundamental architecture, tracing its development from Bitcoin's initial…
The evolution of cryptocurrency and decentralized finance (DeFi) marks a significant shift in the financial landscape, making it more accessible, inclusive, and participative for various societal groups. However, this transition from…
Blockchain, as the basis for cryptocurrencies, has received extensive attentions recently. Blockchain serves as an immutable distributed ledger technology which allows transactions to be carried out credibly in a decentralized environment.…
Blockchain technologies underpin an expanding ecosystem of decentralized applications, financial systems, and infrastructure. However, the fundamental networking layer that sustains these systems, the peer-to-peer layer, of all but the top…
For more than a century, the grid has operated in a centralized top-down fashion. However, as distributed energy resources (DERs) penetration grows, the grid edge is increasingly infused with intelligent computing and communication…
Blockchain has made an impact on today's technology by revolutionizing the financial industry in its utilization on cryptocurrency and the features it provided on decentralization. With the current trend of pursuing the decentralized…
Deepfake technology is a major threat to the integrity of digital media. This paper presents a comprehensive framework for a blockchain-based decentralized system designed to tackle the escalating challenge of digital content integrity. The…
Blockchains and distributed ledger technology offer promising capabilities for supporting collaborative business processes across organizations. Typically, approaches in this field fall into two categories: either executing the entire…
In the past decade, blockchain has shown a promising vision greatly to build the trust without any powerful third party in a secure, decentralized and salable manner. However, due to the wide application and future development from…
Decentralized systems are a subset of distributed systems where multiple authorities control different components and no authority is fully trusted by all. This implies that any component in a decentralized system is potentially…
Blockchain has been increasingly used as a software component to enable decentralisation in software architecture for a variety of applications. Blockchain governance has received considerable attention to ensure the safe and appropriate…
Modern cryptocurrencies exploit decentralised blockchains to record a public and unalterable history of transactions. Besides transactions, further information is stored for different, and often undisclosed, purposes, making the blockchains…
Blockchain has received much attention recently, due to its promises of verifiable, permanent, decentralized, and efficient data handling. In 2017-2019 blockchain and associated technologies such as smart contracts has progressed beyond…