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Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is essential for fault-tolerant quantum copmutation, and its implementation is a very sophisticated process involving both quantum and classical hardware. Formulating and verifying the decomposition of logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Anbang Wu , Gushu Li , Hezi Zhang , Gian Giacomo Guerreschi , Yuan Xie , Yufei Ding

Code that is highly optimized poses a problem for program-level verification: programmers can employ various clever tricks that are non-trivial to reason about. For cryptography on low-power devices, it is nonetheless crucial that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Marc Schoolderman , Jonathan Moerman , Sjaak Smetsers , Marko van Eekelen

Generating high-performance code for diverse hardware and application domains is challenging. Functional array programming languages with patterns like map and reduce have been successfully combined with term rewriting to define and explore…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Thomas Koehler , Phil Trinder , Michel Steuwer

With recent algorithmic improvements and easy-to-use libraries, equality saturation is being picked up for hardware design, program synthesis, theorem proving, program optimization, and more. Existing work on using equality saturation for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jules Merckx , Alexandre Lopoukhine , Samuel Coward , Jianyi Cheng , Bjorn De Sutter , Tobias Grosser

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant capability in code generation, but their potential in code efficiency optimization remains underexplored. Previous LLM-based code efficiency optimization approaches exclusively…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Xiaoxue Ren , Jun Wan , Yun Peng , Zhongxin Liu , Ming Liang , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

Verifying whether two implementations of the same large model are equivalent across frameworks is difficult in practice. Even when they realize the same computation, their graphs may differ substantially in operator decomposition, tensor…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Qi Zhan , Xing Hu , Xin Xia , Shanping Li

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for building scalable quantum computers, but a lack of systematic, end-to-end evaluation methods makes it difficult to assess how different QEC codes perform under realistic conditions. The vast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Aleksandra Świerkowska , Jannik Pflieger , Emmanouil Giortamis , Pramod Bhatotia

A proper code evaluation metric (CEM) profoundly impacts the evolution of code generation, which is an important research field in NLP and software engineering. Prevailing match-based CEMs (e.g., BLEU, Accuracy, and CodeBLEU) suffer from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yihong Dong , Jiazheng Ding , Xue Jiang , Ge Li , Zhuo Li , Zhi Jin

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by using a smaller draft model to speculate tokens that a larger target model verifies. Verification is often the bottleneck (e.g. verification is $4\times$ slower than token generation when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Avinash Kumar , Sujay Sanghavi , Poulami Das

Synthetic verification techniques such as generating test cases and reward modelling are common ways to enhance the coding capabilities of large language models (LLM) beyond predefined tests. Additionally, code verification has recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Aleksander Ficek , Somshubra Majumdar , Vahid Noroozi , Boris Ginsburg

Spatial computing architectures promise a major stride in performance and energy efficiency over the traditional load/store devices currently employed in large scale computing systems. The adoption of high-level synthesis (HLS) from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Johannes de Fine Licht , Maciej Besta , Simon Meierhans , Torsten Hoefler

Efficiency is essential to support responsiveness w.r.t. ever-growing datasets, especially for Deep Learning (DL) systems. DL frameworks have traditionally embraced deferred execution-style DL code that supports symbolic, graph-based Deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Tatiana Castro Vélez , Raffi Khatchadourian , Mehdi Bagherzadeh , Anita Raja

Traditional logical equivalence checking (LEC) which plays a major role in entire chip design process faces challenges of meeting the requirements demanded by the many emerging technologies that are based on logic models different from…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Arash Fayyazi , Shahin Nazarian , Massoud Pedram

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly used for software development, yet existing benchmarks for LLM-based coding assistance do not reflect the constraints of High Energy Physics (HEP) and High Performance Computing (HPC) software.…

Retrieval-augmented code generation often conditions the decoder on large retrieved code snippets. This ties online inference cost to repository size and introduces noise from long contexts. We present Hierarchical Embedding Fusion (HEF), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nikita Sorokin , Ivan Sedykh , Valentin Malykh

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a crucial prerequisite for future large-scale quantum computation. Finding and analyzing new QEC codes, along with efficient decoding and fault-tolerance protocols, is central to this effort. Holographic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Junyu Fan , Matthew Steinberg , Alexander Jahn , Chunjun Cao , Aritra Sarkar , Sebastian Feld

Program verification is vital for ensuring software reliability, especially in the context of increasingly complex systems. Loop invariants, remaining true before and after each iteration of loops, are crucial for this verification process.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Chang Liu , Xiwei Wu , Yuan Feng , Qinxiang Cao , Junchi Yan

In recent years, Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has undergone several breakthroughs and advancements, leading to a leap in performance. Today, performance is no longer a major barrier to adoption. Instead, it is the complexity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Alexander Viand , Patrick Jattke , Miro Haller , Anwar Hithnawi

For iterative learning control (ILC), one of the basic problems left to address is how to solve the contradiction between convergence conditions for the output tracking error and for the input signal (or error). This problem is considered…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-24 Deyuan Meng , Jingyao Zhang

High-level synthesis (HLS) transforms an algorithmic description of hardware from a higher abstraction (e.g., C/C++) into a register-transfer level (RTL) design, offering reduced development time and greater flexibility in design space…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiaofeng Zhou , Linfeng Du , Guangyu Hu , Sharad Sinha , Hongce Zhang , Wei Zhang