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We introduce the observable Wasserstein distance, a framework for deriving lower bounds on the Wasserstein distance between probability measures on Polish metric spaces, designed to bypass the computational intractability of exact optimal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos , Leandro Vicente Mauri , Washington Mio , Tom Needham

Max sliced Wasserstein (Max-SW) distance has been widely known as a solution for less discriminative projections of sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance. In applications that have various independent pairs of probability measures, amortized…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-09 Khai Nguyen , Dang Nguyen , Nhat Ho

We develop a projected Wasserstein distance for the two-sample test, a fundamental problem in statistics and machine learning: given two sets of samples, to determine whether they are from the same distribution. In particular, we aim to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-04-01 Jie Wang , Rui Gao , Yao Xie

Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a popular method for approximate inference in generative models with intractable but easy-to-sample likelihood. It constructs an approximate posterior distribution by finding parameters for which…

Computation · Statistics 2020-03-09 Kimia Nadjahi , Valentin De Bortoli , Alain Durmus , Roland Badeau , Umut Şimşekli

Gromov--Wasserstein (GW) distances compare graphs, shapes, and point clouds through internal distances, without requiring a common coordinate system. This invariance is powerful, but discrete GW is a nonconvex quadratic optimal transport…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ao Xu , Tieru Wu

Sliced Stein discrepancy (SSD) and its kernelized variants have demonstrated promising successes in goodness-of-fit tests and model learning in high dimensions. Despite their theoretical elegance, their empirical performance depends…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Wenbo Gong , Kaibo Zhang , Yingzhen Li , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Projection robust Wasserstein (PRW) distance, or Wasserstein projection pursuit (WPP), is a robust variant of the Wasserstein distance. Recent work suggests that this quantity is more robust than the standard Wasserstein distance, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Tianyi Lin , Chenyou Fan , Nhat Ho , Marco Cuturi , Michael I. Jordan

We study first-order optimality conditions for constrained optimization in the Wasserstein space, whereby one seeks to minimize a real-valued function over the space of probability measures endowed with the Wasserstein distance. Our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-03 Nicolas Lanzetti , Saverio Bolognani , Florian Dörfler

This paper targets the task with discrete and periodic class labels ($e.g.,$ pose/orientation estimation) in the context of deep learning. The commonly used cross-entropy or regression loss is not well matched to this problem as they ignore…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xiaofeng Liu , Yang Zou , Tong Che , Peng Ding , Ping Jia , Jane You , Kumar B. V. K

Collections of probability distributions arise in a variety of applications ranging from user activity pattern analysis to brain connectomics. In practice these distributions can be defined over diverse domain types including finite…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-16 Raif Rustamov , Subhabrata Majumdar

This paper considers the problem of regression over distributions, which is becoming increasingly important in machine learning. Existing approaches often ignore the geometry of the probability space or are computationally expensive. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Maksim Maslov , Alexander Kugaevskikh , Matthew Ivanov

Distance measures between graphs are important primitives for a variety of learning tasks. In this work, we describe an unsupervised, optimal transport based approach to define a distance between graphs. Our idea is to derive…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Michael Scholkemper , Damin Kühn , Gerion Nabbefeld , Simon Musall , Björn Kampa , Michael T. Schaub

We propose a new minimum-distance estimator for linear random coefficient models. This estimator integrates the recently advanced sliced Wasserstein distance with the nearest neighbor methods, both of which enhance computational efficiency.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Keunwoo Lim , Ting Ye , Fang Han

We propose a scalable robust learning algorithm combining kernel smoothing and robust optimization. Our method is motivated by the convex analysis perspective of distributionally robust optimization based on probability metrics, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Jia-Jie Zhu , Christina Kouridi , Yassine Nemmour , Bernhard Schölkopf

We propose a multi-class point optimization formulation based on continuous Wasserstein barycenters. Our formulation is designed to handle hundreds to thousands of optimization objectives and comes with a practical optimization scheme. We…

Graphics · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Corentin Salaün , Iliyan Georgiev , Hans-Peter Seidel , Gurprit Singh

We define a modified Wasserstein distance for distribution clustering which inherits many of the properties of the Wasserstein distance but which can be estimated easily and computed quickly. The modified distance is the sum of two terms.…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-31 Isabella Verdinelli , Larry Wasserman

The Wasserstein distance has been an attractive tool in many fields. But due to its high computational complexity and the phenomenon of the curse of dimensionality in empirical estimation, various extensions of the Wasserstein distance have…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Xianliang Xu , Zhongyi Huang

Optimal transport has found widespread applications in signal processing and machine learning. Among its many equivalent formulations, optimal transport seeks to reconstruct a random variable/vector with a prescribed distribution at the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jun Chen , Jia Wang , Ruibin Li , Han Zhou , Wei Dong , Huan Liu , Yuanhao Yu

The Sliced Gromov-Wasserstein (SGW) distance, aiming to relieve the computational cost of solving a non-convex quadratic program that is the Gromov-Wasserstein distance, utilizes projecting directions sampled uniformly from unit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-18 Dhruv Sarkar , Aprameyo Chakrabartty , Anish Chakrabarty , Swagatam Das

We propose a novel approach for comparing distributions whose supports do not necessarily lie on the same metric space. Unlike Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) distance which compares pairwise distances of elements from each distribution, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-23 Mokhtar Z. Alaya , Maxime Bérar , Gilles Gasso , Alain Rakotomamonjy
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