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Open-vocabulary keyword spotting (OV-KWS) enables personalized device control via arbitrary voice commands. Recently, researchers have explored using audio-text joint embeddings, allowing users to enroll phrases with text, and proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yi Liu , Chuan-Che Huang , Xiao Quan

This paper presents a method for detecting mispronunciations with the aim of improving Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) tools used by foreign language learners. The algorithm is based on Principle Component Analysis (PCA). It is…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-02-29 Zhenhao Ge , Sudhendu R. Sharma , Mark J. T. Smith

Conventional automatic word-naming recognition systems struggle to recognize words from post-stroke patients with aphasia because of disfluencies and mispronunciations, limiting reliable automated assessment in this population. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Yacouba Kaloga , Marina Laganaro , Ina Kodrasi

Conformal prediction (CP) is a general framework to quantify the predictive uncertainty of machine learning models that uses a set prediction to include the true label with a valid probability. To align the uncertainty measured by CP,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xuesong Jia , Yuanjie Shi , Ziquan Liu , Yi Xu , Yan Yan

Contrastive Predictive Coding (CPC) is a representation learning method that maximizes the mutual information between intermediate latent representations and the output of a given model. It can be used to effectively initialize the encoder…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Aparna Khare , Minhua Wu , Saurabhchand Bhati , Jasha Droppo , Roland Maas

For fine-grained generation and recognition tasks such as minimally-supervised text-to-speech (TTS), voice conversion (VC), and automatic speech recognition (ASR), the intermediate representations extracted from speech should serve as a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-19 Chunyu Qiang , Hao Li , Yixin Tian , Ruibo Fu , Tao Wang , Longbiao Wang , Jianwu Dang

Mispronunciation detection and diagnosis (MDD) technology is a key component of computer-assisted pronunciation training system (CAPT). In the field of assessing the pronunciation quality of constrained speech, the given transcriptions can…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Linkai Peng , Yingming Gao , Binghuai Lin , Dengfeng Ke , Yanlu Xie , Jinsong Zhang

Advances in neural modeling have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) results on public natural language processing (NLP) benchmarks, at times surpassing human performance. However, there is a gap between public benchmarks and real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Asa Cooper Stickland , Sailik Sengupta , Jason Krone , Saab Mansour , He He

Reinforcement Learning, particularly through policy gradient methods, has played a central role in enabling reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, the optimization stability of policy gradients in this setting remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Benefiting from the inductive biases learned from large-scale datasets, open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVSS) leverages the power of vision-language models, such as CLIP, to achieve remarkable progress without requiring task-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Qiming Huang , Hao Ai , Jianbo Jiao

We propose the use of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models for cleft lip and palate (CLP) detection and severity classification. In CLP, nasalization increases with severity due to the abnormal passage between the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Susmita Bhattacharjee , Jagabandhu Mishra , H. S. Shekhawat , S. R. Mahadeva Prasanna

Researches have shown accent classification can be improved by integrating semantic information into pure acoustic approach. In this work, we combine phonetic knowledge, such as vowels, with enhanced acoustic features to build an improved…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-02-25 Zhenhao Ge

We introduce a framework for robust uncertainty quantification in situations where labeled training data are corrupted, through noisy or missing labels. We build on conformal prediction, a statistical tool for generating prediction sets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shai Feldman , Stephen Bates , Yaniv Romano

Automatic Mean Opinion Score (MOS) prediction is crucial to evaluate the perceptual quality of the synthetic speech. While recent approaches using pre-trained self-supervised learning (SSL) models have shown promising results, they only…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-01 Hui Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Xiguang Zheng , Yong Qin

Conformal prediction is a powerful tool to generate uncertainty sets with guaranteed coverage using any predictive model, under the assumption that the training and test data are i.i.d.. Recently, it has been shown that adversarial examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Ge Yan , Yaniv Romano , Tsui-Wei Weng

Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) is an essential first step in any modern, high-quality Text-to-Speech (TTS) system. Most of the current G2P systems rely on carefully hand-crafted lexicons developed by experts. This poses a two-fold problem.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Abhinav Garg , Jiyeon Kim , Sushil Khyalia , Chanwoo Kim , Dhananjaya Gowda

This paper presents a Pronunciation-Aware Contextualized (PAC) framework to address two key challenges in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems: effective pronunciation modeling and robust homophone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Li Fu , Yu Xin , Sunlu Zeng , Lu Fan , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

It is imperative to ensure the stability of every prediction made by a language model; that is, a language's prediction should remain consistent despite minor input variations, like word substitutions. In this paper, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Qian Lou , Xin Liang , Jiaqi Xue , Yancheng Zhang , Rui Xie , Mengxin Zheng

We propose a model to obtain phonemic and prosodic labels of speech that are coherent with graphemes. Unlike previous methods that simply fine-tune a pre-trained ASR model with the labels, the proposed model conditions the label generation…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Hien Ohnaka , Yuma Shirahata , Byeongseon Park , Ryuichi Yamamoto

In real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), noise from inherent stochasticity of environments is inevitable. However, current policy evaluation algorithms, which plays a key role in many RL algorithms, are either prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Tadashi Kozuno , Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya