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Survival analysis is a fundamental tool for modeling time-to-event data in healthcare, engineering, and finance, where censored observations pose significant challenges. While traditional methods like the Beran estimator offer nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Vlada A. Efremenko , Lev V. Utkin

Randomized experiments have become a cornerstone of evidence-based decision-making in contexts ranging from online platforms to public health. However, in experimental settings with network interference, a unit's treatment can influence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Sadegh Shirani , Yuwei Luo , William Overman , Ruoxuan Xiong , Mohsen Bayati

In this paper the regression discontinuity design is adapted to the survival analysis setting with right-censored data, studied in an intensity based counting process framework. In particular, a local polynomial regression version of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-07 Emil Aas Stoltenberg

In many public health problems, an important goal is to identify the effect of some treatment/intervention on the risk of failure for the whole population. A marginal proportional hazards regression model is often used to analyze such an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Donglin Zeng

Considering censored outcomes in survival analysis can lead to quite complex results in the model setting of causal inference. Causal inference has attracted a lot of attention over the past few years, but little research has been done on…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-11 Byeonghee Lee , Joonsung Kang

Causal inference is central to many areas of artificial intelligence, including complex reasoning, planning, knowledge-base construction, robotics, explanation, and fairness. An active community of researchers develops and enhances…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Amanda Gentzel , Dan Garant , David Jensen

Effective summarisation evaluation metrics enable researchers and practitioners to compare different summarisation systems efficiently. Estimating the effectiveness of an automatic evaluation metric, termed meta-evaluation, is a critically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Xiang Dai , Sarvnaz Karimi , Biaoyan Fang

Cross-validation is a widely-used technique to estimate prediction error, but its behavior is complex and not fully understood. Ideally, one would like to think that cross-validation estimates the prediction error for the model at hand, fit…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Stephen Bates , Trevor Hastie , Robert Tibshirani

Explainability is widely regarded as essential for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems. However, the metrics commonly used to evaluate counterfactual explanations are algorithmic evaluation metrics that are rarely validated against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Liedeker , Basil Ell , Philipp Cimiano , Christoph Düsing

We consider linear regression model estimation where the covariate of interest is randomly censored. Under a non-informative censoring mechanism, one may obtain valid estimates by deleting censored observations. However, this comes at a…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-24 Folefac Atem , Roland A. Matsouaka

Interval-censored competing risks data arise when each study subject may experience an event or failure from one of several causes and the failure time is not observed exactly but rather known to lie in an interval between two successive…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-03-02 Lu Mao , D. Y. Lin , Donglin Zeng

As frontier Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly saturate new benchmarks shortly after they are published, benchmarking itself is at a juncture: if frontier models keep improving, it will become increasingly hard for humans to generate…

Traditional statistical and machine learning methods typically assume that the training and test data follow the same distribution. However, this assumption is frequently violated in real-world applications, where the training data in the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Hanxuan Ye , Hongzhe Li

From the social sciences to machine learning, it has been well documented that metrics to be optimized are not always aligned with social welfare. In healthcare, Dranove et al. (2003) showed that publishing surgery mortality metrics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Serena Wang , Stephen Bates , P. M. Aronow , Michael I. Jordan

Evaluating the performance of a prediction model is a common task in medical statistics. Standard accuracy metrics require the observation of the true outcomes. This is typically not possible in the setting with time-to-event outcomes due…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-18 Zhenwei Yang , Dimitris Rizopoulos , Lisa F. Newcomb , Nicole S. Erler

Regression models are essential for a wide range of real-world applications. However, in practice, target values are not always precisely known; instead, they may be represented as intervals of acceptable values. This challenge has led to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tung L Nguyen , Toby Dylan Hocking

Pre-treatment selection or censoring (`selection on treatment') can occur when two treatment levels are compared ignoring the third option of neither treatment, in `censoring by death' settings where treatment is only defined for those who…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-09-20 Edward H. Kennedy , Steve Harris , Luke J. Keele

Predictive modelling is vital to guide preventive efforts. Whilst large-scale prospective cohort studies and a diverse toolkit of available machine learning (ML) algorithms have facilitated such survival task efforts, choosing the…

There has been increasing concern within the machine learning community that we are in a reproducibility crisis. As many have begun to work on this problem, all work we are aware of treat the issue of reproducibility as an intrinsic binary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-21 Edward Raff

Observational studies of recurrent event rates are common in biomedical statistics. Broadly, the goal is to estimate differences in event rates under two treatments within a defined target population over a specified followup window.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-13 Arman Oganisian , Anthony Girard , Jon A. Steingrimsson , Patience Moyo