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As retrieval-augmented generation prevails in large language models, embedding models are becoming increasingly crucial. Despite the growing number of general embedding models, prior work often overlooks the critical role of training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xinshuo Hu , Zifei Shan , Xinping Zhao , Zetian Sun , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Shaolin Ye , Xinyuan Wei , Qian Chen , Baotian Hu , Haofen Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Despite the success of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP in aligning vision and language, their proficiency in detailed, fine-grained visual comprehension remains a key challenge. We present CLIP-IN, a novel framework that bolsters…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ziteng Wang , Siqi Yang , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma

Query-based video grounding is an important yet challenging task in video understanding, which aims to localize the target segment in an untrimmed video according to a sentence query. Most previous works achieve significant progress by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Shentong Mo , Daizong Liu , Wei Hu

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a groundbreaking technology and their unparalleled text generation capabilities have sparked interest in their application to the fundamental sentence representation learning task.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Huiming Wang , Zhaodonghui Li , Liying Cheng , Soh De Wen , Lidong Bing

We propose Domain-Conditioned Meta-Contrastive Learning, a framework for improving the cross-domain generalization of vision-language models. While contrastive models such as CLIP achieve strong performance through large-scale training,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Merham Fouladvand , Peuroly Batra

Adapting generative Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into universal embedding models typically demands resource-intensive contrastive pre-training, while traditional hard negative mining methods suffer from severe false negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yeong-Joon Ju , Seong-Whan Lee

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various multi-modal tasks. Nevertheless, their performance in fine-grained image understanding tasks is still limited. To address this issue, this paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Shiyu Xuan , Qingpei Guo , Ming Yang , Shiliang Zhang

Learning representations that generalize well to unknown downstream tasks is a central challenge in representation learning. Existing approaches such as contrastive learning, self-supervised masking, and denoising auto-encoders address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Micha Livne

Decoder-only LLM-based embedding models are beginning to outperform BERT or T5-based embedding models in general-purpose text embedding tasks, including dense vector-based retrieval. In this work, we introduce NV-Embed, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Chankyu Lee , Rajarshi Roy , Mengyao Xu , Jonathan Raiman , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro , Wei Ping

Recent advancements in Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated notable success in self-supervised representation learning across various tasks. However, the existing CLIP-like approaches often demand extensive GPU…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Yuexi Du , Brian Chang , Nicha C. Dvornek

Learning multi-lingual sentence embeddings is a fundamental task in natural language processing. Recent trends in learning both mono-lingual and multi-lingual sentence embeddings are mainly based on contrastive learning (CL) among an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Kaiyan Zhao , Qiyu Wu , Xin-Qiang Cai , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

The rapid advancement of large vision-language models (LVLMs) has driven significant progress in multimodal tasks, enabling models to interpret, reason, and generate outputs across both visual and textual domains. While excelling in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Hao Yu , Zhuokai Zhao , Shen Yan , Lukasz Korycki , Jianyu Wang , Baosheng He , Jiayi Liu , Lizhu Zhang , Xiangjun Fan , Hanchao Yu

Large-scale multi-modal contrastive pre-training has demonstrated great utility to learn transferable features for a range of downstream tasks by mapping multiple modalities into a shared embedding space. Typically, this has employed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Haoxuan You , Luowei Zhou , Bin Xiao , Noel Codella , Yu Cheng , Ruochen Xu , Shih-Fu Chang , Lu Yuan

Knowledge retrieval with multi-modal queries plays a crucial role in supporting knowledge-intensive multi-modal applications. However, existing methods face challenges in terms of their effectiveness and training efficiency, especially when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xinwei Long , Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Zhiyuan Ma , Kaiyan Zhang , Bowen Zhou , Jie Zhou

As Monolithic applications evolve, they become increasingly difficult to maintain and improve, leading to scaling and organizational issues. The Microservices architecture, known for its modularity, flexibility and scalability, offers a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Khaled Sellami , Mohamed Aymen Saied

Despite significant progress in Unified Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) powered by Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), existing embedding methods primarily focus on sample-level objectives via contrastive learning while overlooking the crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Guosheng Zhang , Linkai Liu , Keyao Wang , Haixiao Yue , Zhiwen Tan , Xiao Tan

Models for Visual Question Answering (VQA) often rely on the spurious correlations, i.e., the language priors, that appear in the biased samples of training set, which make them brittle against the out-of-distribution (OOD) test data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Qingyi Si , Yuanxin Liu , Fandong Meng , Zheng Lin , Peng Fu , Yanan Cao , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Multi-modal contrastive learning (MMCL) has recently garnered considerable interest due to its superior performance in visual tasks, achieved by embedding multi-modal data, such as visual-language pairs. However, there still lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Qi Zhang , Yifei Wang , Yisen Wang

Pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit exceptional generalization across diverse downstream tasks. While recent studies reveal their vulnerability to adversarial attacks, research to date has primarily focused on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Wanqi Zhou , Shuanghao Bai , Danilo P. Mandic , Qibin Zhao , Badong Chen

Contrastive learning (CL) has shown impressive advances in image representation learning in whichever supervised multi-class classification or unsupervised learning. However, these CL methods fail to be directly adapted to multi-label image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Zhongchen Ma , Lisha Li , Qirong Mao , Songcan Chen