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The Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with extensive world knowledge have revitalized autonomous driving, particularly in reasoning tasks within perceivable regions. However, when faced with perception-limited areas (dynamic or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mingliang Zhai , Cheng Li , Zengyuan Guo , Ningrui Yang , Xiameng Qin , Sanyuan Zhao , Junyu Han , Ji Tao , Yuwei Wu , Yunde Jia

A scenario-based testing approach can reduce the time required to obtain statistically significant evidence of the safety of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). Identifying these scenarios in an automated manner is a challenging task. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Tobias Hoek , Holger Caesar , Andreas Falkovén , Tommy Johansson

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in general visual understanding. However, their application to safety-critical driving scenarios remains limited by an inability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tomaso Trinci , Henrique Piñeiro Monteagudo , Leonardo Taccari

Autonomous driving technology can improve traffic safety and reduce traffic accidents. In addition, it improves traffic flow, reduces congestion, saves energy and increases travel efficiency. In the relatively mature automatic driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Wenjian Sun , Linying Pan , Jingyu Xu , Weixiang Wan , Yong Wang

Understanding the context of crash occurrence in complex driving environments is essential for improving traffic safety and advancing automated driving. Previous studies have used statistical models and deep learning to predict crashes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Meng Wang , Zach Noonan , Pnina Gershon , Bruce Mehler , Bryan Reimer , Shannon C. Roberts

In a given scenario, simultaneously and accurately predicting every possible interaction of traffic participants is an important capability for autonomous vehicles. The majority of current researches focused on the prediction of an single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Yeping Hu , Wei Zhan , Masayoshi Tomizuka

This paper addresses the problem of human-based driver support. Nowadays, driver support systems help users to operate safely in many driving situations. Nevertheless, these systems do not fully use the rich information that is available…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Tim Puphal , Benedict Flade , Matti Krüger , Ryohei Hirano , Akihito Kimata

End-to-end learning from sensory data has shown promising results in autonomous driving. While employing many sensors enhances world perception and should lead to more robust and reliable behavior of autonomous vehicles, it is challenging…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Shihong Fang , Anna Choromanska

This research addresses the challenging problem of visual collision detection in very complex and dynamic real physical scenes, specifically, the vehicle driving scenarios. This research takes inspiration from a large-field looming…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Qinbing Fu , Nicola Bellotto , Huatian Wang , F. Claire Rind , Hongxin Wang , Shigang Yue

Trajectory planning in dense, interactive traffic scenarios presents significant challenges for autonomous vehicles, primarily due to the uncertainty of human driver behavior and the non-convex nature of collision avoidance constraints.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-30 Erik Börve , Nikolce Murgovski , Leo Laine

Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Designing a controller for autonomous vehicles capable of providing adequate performance in all driving scenarios is challenging due to the highly complex environment and inability to test the system in the wide variety of scenarios which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Sampo Kuutti , Richard Bowden , Yaochu Jin , Phil Barber , Saber Fallah

General-purpose planning algorithms for automated driving combine mission, behavior, and local motion planning. Such planning algorithms map features of the environment and driving kinematics into complex reward functions. To achieve this,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Sascha Rosbach , Vinit James , Simon Großjohann , Silviu Homoceanu , Xing Li , Stefan Roth

Autonomous driving sensors generate an enormous amount of data. In this paper, we explore learned multimodal compression for autonomous driving, specifically targeted at 3D object detection. We focus on camera and LiDAR modalities and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-16 Hadi Hadizadeh , Ivan V. Bajić

Traffic congestion and collisions represent significant economic, environmental, and social challenges worldwide. Traditional traffic management approaches have shown limited success in addressing these complex, dynamic problems. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Mira Nuthakki

Forecasting the future trajectories of surrounding agents is crucial for autonomous vehicles to ensure safe, efficient, and comfortable route planning. While model ensembling has improved prediction accuracy in various fields, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Aron Distelzweig , Eitan Kosman , Andreas Look , Faris Janjoš , Denesh K. Manivannan , Abhinav Valada

The feasibility of collecting a large amount of expert demonstrations has inspired growing research interests in learning-to-drive settings, where models learn by imitating the driving behaviour from experts. However, exclusively relying on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Weiran Yao , Eric Nyberg , Jean Oh

Predicting future trajectories of surrounding obstacles is a crucial task for autonomous driving cars to achieve a high degree of road safety. There are several challenges in trajectory prediction in real-world traffic scenarios, including…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Bo Dong , Hao Liu , Yu Bai , Jinbiao Lin , Zhuoran Xu , Xinyu Xu , Qi Kong

Selecting the best data mixture is critical for successful Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) of Multimodal Large Language Models. However, determining the optimal mixture weights across multiple domain-specific datasets remains a significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Davide Berasi , Matteo Farina , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci

Text-to-image models have shown remarkable progress in generating high-quality images from user-provided prompts. Despite this, the quality of these images varies due to the models' sensitivity to human language nuances. With advancements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xinrui Yang , Zhuohan Wang , Anthony Hu