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In this paper, we propose DEEPSERVE, a scalable and serverless AI platform designed to efficiently serve large language models (LLMs) at scale in cloud environments. DEEPSERVE addresses key challenges such as resource allocation, serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Junhao Hu , Jiang Xu , Zhixia Liu , Yulong He , Yuetao Chen , Hao Xu , Jiang Liu , Jie Meng , Baoquan Zhang , Shining Wan , Gengyuan Dan , Zhiyu Dong , Zhihao Ren , Changhong Liu , Tao Xie , Dayun Lin , Qin Zhang , Yue Yu , Hao Feng , Xusheng Chen , Yizhou Shan

The recent advances in LLMs bring a strong demand for efficient system support to improve overall serving efficiency. As LLM inference scales towards multiple GPUs and even multiple compute nodes, various coordination patterns, such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hongyi Jin , Ruihang Lai , Charlie F. Ruan , Yingcheng Wang , Todd C. Mowry , Xupeng Miao , Zhihao Jia , Tianqi Chen

Large language model (LLM) applications often reuse previously processed context, such as chat history and documents, which introduces significant redundant computation. Existing LLM serving systems address such redundant computation by…

The serving paradigm of large language models (LLMs) is rapidly shifting towards complex multi-agent workflows where specialized agents collaborate over massive shared contexts. While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables the efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Shao Wang , Rui Ren , Lin Gui

LLM inference must meet strict latency SLOs (e.g., 100 ms P99 time-between-tokens) while maximizing goodput. Yet, real-world variability in prompt and response lengths skews compute-intensive prefill and memory-bound decode phases, making…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chaoyi Ruan , Yinhe Chen , Dongqi Tian , Yandong Shi , Yongji Wu , Jialin Li , Cheng Li

In recent years, the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely applied to large language models (LLMs), providing a promising solution that activates only a subset of the model's parameters during computation, thereby reducing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jianmin Hu , Minxian Xu , Kejiang Ye , Chengzhong Xu

The expanding context windows in large language models (LLMs) have greatly enhanced their capabilities in various applications, but they also introduce significant challenges in maintaining low latency, particularly in Time to First Token…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yi Xiong , Hao Wu , Changxu Shao , Ziqing Wang , Rui Zhang , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Zhenxuan Pan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) extend LLMs to handle images, videos, and audio by incorporating feature extractors and projection modules. However, these additional components -- combined with complex inference pipelines and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zedong Liu , Shenggan Cheng , Guangming Tan , Yang You , Dingwen Tao

Serving LLMs with a cluster of GPUs is common nowadays, where the serving system must meet strict latency SLOs required by applications. However, the stateful nature of LLM serving requires maintaining huge states (i.e., KVCache) in limited…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Rongxin Cheng , Yuxin Lai , Xingda Wei , Rong Chen , Haibo Chen

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) in production faces significant challenges from highly variable request patterns and severe resource fragmentation in serverless clusters. Current systems rely on static pipeline configurations that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanying Lin , Shijie Peng , Chengzhi Lu , Chengzhong Xu , Kejiang Ye

Multiple Low-Rank Adapters (Multi-LoRAs) are gaining popularity for task-specific Large Language Model (LLM) applications. For multi-LoRA serving, caching hot KV caches and LoRA adapters in high bandwidth memory of accelerations can improve…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hang Zhang , Jiuchen Shi , Yixiao Wang , Quan Chen , Yizhou Shan , Minyi Guo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as AI agents that operate in short reasoning-action loops, interleaving model computation with external calls. Unlike traditional chat applications, these agentic workloads require…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Yuning Zhang , Yan Yan , Nan Yang , Dong Yuan

As augmented large language models (LLMs) with external tools become increasingly popular in web applications, improving augmented LLM inference serving efficiency and optimizing service-level objectives (SLOs) are critical for enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Ying Wang , Zhen Jin , Jiexiong Xu , Wenhai Lin , Yiquan Chen , Wenzhi Chen

Modern large language model (LLM) systems increasingly rely on multi-turn pipelines that are composed of multiple task-specific adapters, yet existing serving frameworks remain inefficient, incurring substantial recomputation overhead when…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Allison Li , Kristjan Greenewald , Thomas Parnell , Navid Azizan

Serverless computing has grown rapidly for serving Large Language Model (LLM) inference due to its pay-as-you-go pricing, fine-grained GPU usage, and rapid scaling. However, our analysis reveals that current serverless can effectively serve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yifan Sui , Hao Wang , Hanfei Yu , Yitao Hu , Jianxun Li , Hao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across reasoning, generation, and decision-making tasks, yet deploying them on mobile, embedded, and edge devices remains particularly challenging. On-device LLM inference is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sayed Pedram Haeri Boroujeni , Niloufar Mehrabi , Patrick Woods , Gabriel Hillesheim , Abolfazl Razi

Multi-agent LLM systems have become the dominant production workload, but the serving stack was not built for them. The agent framework above knows agent identities, role, schemas, and dispatch structure but never sees an engine-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Rui Zhang , Chaeeun Kim , Liting Hu

Code Large Language Models (CodeLLMs) are increasingly integrated into modern software development workflows, yet efficiently serving them in resource-constrained, self-hosted environments remains a significant challenge. Existing LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Shi Chang , Boyuan Chen , Kishanthan Thangarajah , Hanan Lutfiyya , Ahmed E. Hassan

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), serving LLM inference requests has become an increasingly important task, attracting active research advancements. Practical workloads play an essential role in this process:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuxing Xiang , Xue Li , Kun Qian , Wenyuan Yu , Ennan Zhai , Xin Jin

Autoregressive Transformers rely on Key-Value (KV) caching to accelerate inference. However, the linear growth of the KV cache with context length leads to excessive memory consumption and bandwidth constraints. This bottleneck is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ravi Ghadia , Avinash Kumar , Gaurav Jain , Prashant Nair , Poulami Das