Related papers: Mazzaroth: A High-Throughput DAG Consensus with St…
Formal analyses of blockchain protocols have received much attention recently. Consistency results of Nakamoto's blockchain protocol are often expressed in a quantity $c$, which denotes the expected number of network delays before some…
Designing an efficient difficulty control algorithm is an essential problem in Proof-of-Work (PoW) based blockchains because the network hash rate is randomly changing. This paper proposes a general difficulty control algorithm and provides…
Nakamoto's seminal work gave rise to permissionless blockchains -- as well as a wide range of proposals to mitigate their performance shortcomings. Despite substantial throughput and energy efficiency achievements, most proposals only bring…
Mangrove is a novel scaling approach to building blockchains with parallel smart contract support. Unlike in monolithic blockchains, where a single consensus mechanism determines a strict total order over all transactions, Mangrove uses…
Inconsistent outputs and hallucinations from large language models (LLMs) are major obstacles to reliable AI systems. When different proprietary reasoning models (RMs), such as those by OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, DeepSeek, and xAI, are…
The practical Byzantine fault tolerant (PBFT) consensus protocol is one of the basic consensus protocols in the development of blockchain technology. At the same time, the PBFT consensus protocol forms a basis for some other important BFT…
Directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) protocols achieve high throughput by decoupling dissemination from agreement and allowing many vertices to be committed concurrently. This same concurrency, however, weakens…
As Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology continues to advance, edge computing has become an important tool for assisting vehicles in handling complex tasks. However, the process of offloading tasks to edge servers may expose vehicles to…
Extensive research on Nakamoto-style consensus protocols has shown that network delays degrade the security of these protocols. Established results indicate that, perhaps surprisingly, maximal security is achieved when the network is as…
ROS 2 has become a dominant middleware for robotic systems, where perception, estimation, planning, and control pipelines are structured as directed acyclic graphs of callbacks executed under a shared executor. However, default ROS 2…
We describe MaGPoS, a novel consensus mechanism which is well suited to decentralized blockchain based protocols. MaGPoS is based on a combination of the well known physics of nano-scale magnetism, and previous implementations of proof of…
Blockchains with smart contracts are distributed ledger systems that achieve block-state consistency among distributed nodes by only allowing deterministic operations of smart contracts. However, the power of smart contracts is enabled by…
With the rapid development of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and Real-World Assets (RWA), the importance of blockchain oracles in real-time data acquisition has become increasingly prominent. Using cryptographic techniques, threshold…
Cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things (IoT) is becoming an integral part of the digital society. The use of IoT services improves human life in many ways. Protection against cyber threats is an important aspect of the…
Existing permissioned blockchain systems designate a fixed and explicit group of committee nodes to run a consensus protocol that confirms the same sequence of blocks among all nodes. Unfortunately, when such a permissioned blockchain runs…
We present the first open-source implementation and evaluation of Fast Raft, a hierarchical consensus protocol designed for dynamic, distributed environments. Fast Raft reduces the number of message rounds needed to commit log entries…
We present Saguaro, a permissioned blockchain system designed specifically for edge computing networks. Saguaro leverages the hierarchical structure of edge computing networks to reduce the overhead of wide-area communication by presenting…
Avalanche is a blockchain consensus protocol with exceptionally low latency and high throughput. This has swiftly established the corresponding token as a top-tier cryptocurrency. Avalanche achieves such remarkable metrics by substituting…
Nakamoto consensus, the protocol underlying Bitcoin, has the potential to secure a new class of systems which agree on non-mathematical truths. As an example of this capability, we propose a design for a trustless, data availability oracle.…
Note that the serial structure of blockchain has many essential pitfalls, thus a data network structure and its DAG-based blockchain are introduced to resolve the blockchain pitfalls. From such a network perspective, analysis of the…