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Achieving deep alignment between vision and language remains a central challenge for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). These models often fail to fully leverage visual input, defaulting to strong language priors. Our approach first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Aarti Ghatkesar , Ganesh Venkatesh

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

Driven by the great success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the 2D image domain, their applications in 3D scene understanding has emerged as a new trend. A key difference between 3D and 2D is that the situation of an egocentric observer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Zhihao Yuan , Yibo Peng , Jinke Ren , Yinghong Liao , Yatong Han , Chun-Mei Feng , Hengshuang Zhao , Guanbin Li , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li

Previous research has investigated the application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in understanding 3D scenes by interpreting them as videos. These approaches generally depend on comprehensive 3D data inputs, such as point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Duo Zheng , Shijia Huang , Yanyang Li , Liwei Wang

Recently, 3D understanding has become popular to facilitate autonomous agents to perform further decisionmaking. However, existing 3D datasets and methods are often limited to specific tasks. On the other hand, recent progress in Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mingsheng Li , Xin Chen , Chi Zhang , Sijin Chen , Hongyuan Zhu , Fukun Yin , Gang Yu , Tao Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in connecting vision and language, but they still struggle with spatial understanding and viewpoint-aware reasoning. Recent efforts aim to augment the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kevin Qu , Haozhe Qi , Mihai Dusmanu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Marc Pollefeys

Enabling agents to understand and interact with complex 3D scenes is a fundamental challenge for embodied artificial intelligence systems. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved significant progress in 2D image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoyuan Li , Rui Liu , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

This paper introduces Scene-LLM, a 3D-visual-language model that enhances embodied agents' abilities in interactive 3D indoor environments by integrating the reasoning strengths of Large Language Models (LLMs). Scene-LLM adopts a hybrid 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Rao Fu , Jingyu Liu , Xilun Chen , Yixin Nie , Wenhan Xiong

The rapid development of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) for 2D images and videos has spurred efforts to adapt these models for interpreting 3D scenes. However, the absence of large-scale 3D vision-language datasets has posed a significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Haochen Wang , Yucheng Zhao , Tiancai Wang , Haoqiang Fan , Xiangyu Zhang , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Recent developments in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly improved Vision-Language (VL) reasoning in 2D domains. However, extending these capabilities to 3D scene understanding remains a major challenge. Existing 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haijier Chen , Bo Xu , Shoujian Zhang , Haoze Liu , Jiaxuan Lin , Jingrong Wang

The visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) task is to choose an answer and provide a justifying rationale based on the given image and textural question. Representative works first recognize objects in images and then associate them with key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jian Zhu , Hanli Wang , Miaojing Shi

The Multi-Modal Large Language Model (MLLM) refers to an extension of the Large Language Model (LLM) equipped with the capability to receive and infer multi-modal data. Spatial awareness stands as one of the crucial abilities of MLLM,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yongqiang Zhao , Zhenyu Li , Zhi Jin , Feng Zhang , Haiyan Zhao , Chengfeng Dou , Zhengwei Tao , Xinhai Xu , Donghong Liu

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have shown strong capabilities in understanding and analyzing visual scenes across various domains. However, in the context of autonomous driving, their limited comprehension of 3D environments restricts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jannik Lübberstedt , Esteban Rivera , Nico Uhlemann , Markus Lienkamp

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in tasks like visual question answering and common sense reasoning, while visual perception models have made significant strides in perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Guanqun Wang , Xinyu Wei , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Yichi Zhang , Kevin Zhang , Maurice Chong , Shanghang Zhang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) that directly process RGB inputs for tasks like 3D localization and navigation have shown remarkable potential. However, we argue that these RGB-only approaches are fundamentally flawed in their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Gongjie Zhang , Wenhao Li , Quanhao Qian , Jiuniu Wang , Deli Zhao , Shijian Lu , Ran Xu

Advancements in foundation models have made it possible to conduct applications in various downstream tasks. Especially, the new era has witnessed a remarkable capability to extend Large Language Models (LLMs) for tackling tasks of 3D scene…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yifan Xu , Chao Zhang , Hanqi Jiang , Xiaoyan Wang , Ruifei Ma , Yiwei Li , Zihao Wu , Zeju Li , Xiangde Liu

Research on 3D Vision-Language Models (3D-VLMs) is gaining increasing attention, which is crucial for developing embodied AI within 3D scenes, such as visual navigation and embodied question answering. Due to the high density of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hongyan Zhi , Peihao Chen , Junyan Li , Shuailei Ma , Xinyu Sun , Tianhang Xiang , Yinjie Lei , Mingkui Tan , Chuang Gan

3D spatial understanding is essential in real-world applications such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and medical imaging. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs), having demonstrated remarkable success across various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jirong Zha , Yuxuan Fan , Xiao Yang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

The rising importance of 3D understanding, pivotal in computer vision, autonomous driving, and robotics, is evident. However, a prevailing trend, which straightforwardly resorted to transferring 2D alignment strategies to the 3D domain,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Jiayi Ji , Haowei Wang , Changli Wu , Yiwei Ma , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Despite recent advancements in the Large Reconstruction Model (LRM) demonstrating impressive results, when extending its input from single image to multiple images, it exhibits inefficiencies, subpar geometric and texture quality, as well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mengfei Li , Xiaoxiao Long , Yixun Liang , Weiyu Li , Yuan Liu , Peng Li , Wenhan Luo , Wenping Wang , Yike Guo