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New models for natural language understanding have recently made an unparalleled amount of progress, which has led some researchers to suggest that the models induce universal text representations. However, current benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Damien Sileo , Tim Van-de-Cruys , Camille Pradel , Philippe Muller

Significant progress has been made in automatic text evaluation with the introduction of large language models (LLMs) as evaluators. However, current sample-wise evaluation paradigm suffers from the following issues: (1) Sensitive to prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Peiwen Yuan , Shaoxiong Feng , Yiwei Li , Xinglin Wang , Boyuan Pan , Heda Wang , Kan Li

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) has raised serious concerns about their reliability and trustworthiness. As a result, a growing body of research focuses on evidence-based text generation with LLMs, aiming to link…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Tobias Schreieder , Tim Schopf , Michael Färber

We study the task of automatically finding evidence relevant to hypotheses in biomedical papers. Finding relevant evidence is an important step when researchers investigate scientific hypotheses. We introduce EvidenceBench to measure models…

AI research pipelines can now generate academic work that may satisfy existing peer review standards for quality, novelty, and methodological rigor. However, the publication system was built around the assumption that research is produced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yang Lu , Rabimba Karanjai , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi

Citation field learning is to segment a citation string into fields of interest such as author, title, and venue. Extracting such fields from citations is crucial for citation indexing, researcher profile analysis, etc. User-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Zilin Yuan , Borun Chen , Yimeng Dai , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Rui Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine translation (MT), yet their effectiveness in translating web novels remains unclear. Existing benchmarks rely on surface-level metrics that fail to capture the distinctive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Enze Zhang , Jiaying Wang , Mengxi Xiao , Jifei Liu , Ziyan Kuang , Rui Dong , Eric Dong , Sophia Ananiadou , Min Peng , Qianqian Xie

Citations from LLM-based RAG systems are supposed to simplify response verification. However, this goal is undermined in cases of citation failure, where a model generates a helpful response, but fails to generate citations to complete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jan Buchmann , Iryna Gurevych

The most prevalent scope of interest for OCR applications used to be scanned documents, but it has now shifted towards the natural scene. Despite the change of times, the existing evaluation methods are still based on the old criteria…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Hong-Seok Lee , Youngmin Yoon , Pil-Hoon Jang , Chankyu Choi

Citations in science are being studied from several perspectives, among which approaches such as scientometrics and science of science. In this chapter I briefly review some of the literature on citations, citation distributions and models…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-05-12 V. A. Traag

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises new demands for automatic evaluation metrics, which should be adaptable to various application scenarios while maintaining low cost and effectiveness. Traditional metrics for automatic text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shuqian Sheng , Yi Xu , Tianhang Zhang , Zanwei Shen , Luoyi Fu , Jiaxin Ding , Lei Zhou , Xiaoying Gan , Xinbing Wang , Chenghu Zhou

Evaluating expressive speech remains challenging, as existing methods mainly assess emotional intensity and overlook whether a speech sample is expressively appropriate for its contextual setting. This limitation hinders reliable evaluation…

Attribution-based explanations are garnering increasing attention recently and have emerged as the predominant approach towards \textit{eXplanable Artificial Intelligence}~(XAI). However, the absence of consistent configurations and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jiarui Duan , Haoling Li , Haofei Zhang , Hao Jiang , Mengqi Xue , Li Sun , Mingli Song , Jie Song

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve into the core of Web-based autonomous agents and complex Web Information Systems, their ability to faithfully translate natural language into rigorous structured formats has become paramount, as this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Boxiang Zhao , Qince Li , Zhonghao Wang , Zelin Cao , Yi Wang , Peng Cheng , Bo Lin

Generative search engines increasingly determine whether online information is merely discoverable, cited as a source, or actually absorbed into generated answers. This paper proposes a two-stage measurement framework for Generative Engine…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhang Kai , He Xinyue , Yao Jingang

Citations play a vital role in understanding the impact of scientific literature. Generally, citations are analyzed quantitatively whereas qualitative analysis of citations can reveal deeper insights into the impact of a scientific artifact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Dominique Mercier , Syed Tahseen Raza Rizvi , Vikas Rajashekar , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Automatically extracting key information from scientific documents has the potential to help scientists work more efficiently and accelerate the pace of scientific progress. Prior work has considered extracting document-level entity…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Vijay Viswanathan , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Evaluating the quality of text generated by large language models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge. Traditional metrics often fail to align well with human judgments, particularly in tasks requiring creativity and nuance. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Jayr Pereira , Andre Assumpcao , Roberto Lotufo

Despite recent progress in open-domain dialogue evaluation, how to develop automatic metrics remains an open problem. We explore the potential of dialogue evaluation featuring dialog act information, which was hardly explicitly modeled in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Jianqiao Zhao , Yanyang Li , Wanyu Du , Yangfeng Ji , Dong Yu , Michael R. Lyu , Liwei Wang

Citation metrics are analytic measures used to evaluate the usage, impact and dissemination of scientific research. Traditionally, citation metrics have been independently measured at each level of the publication pyramid, namely at the…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Jacques Balayla
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