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When a human communicates with a machine using natural language on the web and online, how can it understand the human's intention and semantic context of their talk? This is an important AI task as it enables the machine to construct a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Soyeon Caren Han , Siqu Long , Henry Weld , Josiah Poon

Auto dealerships receive thousands of calls daily from customers who are interested in sales, service, vendors and jobseekers. With so many calls, it is very important for auto dealers to understand the intent of these calls to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Junmei Zhong , William Li

Effective communication in automated chat systems hinges on the ability to understand and respond to context. Traditional models often struggle with determining when additional context is necessary for generating appropriate responses. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Minghao Liu , Mingxiu Sui , Yi Nan , Cangqing Wang , Zhijie Zhou

Accurate prediction of conversation topics can be a valuable signal for creating coherent and engaging dialog systems. In this work, we focus on context-aware topic classification methods for identifying topics in free-form human-chatbot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-22 Chandra Khatri , Rahul Goel , Behnam Hedayatnia , Angeliki Metanillou , Anushree Venkatesh , Raefer Gabriel , Arindam Mandal

Conversational assistants are being progressively adopted by the general population. However, they are not capable of handling complicated information-seeking tasks that involve multiple turns of information exchange. Due to the limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Chen Qu , Liu Yang , Bruce Croft , Yongfeng Zhang , Johanne R. Trippas , Minghui Qiu

Utilizing Large Language Models (LLM) as chatbots in diverse business scenarios often presents the challenge of maintaining topic continuity. Abrupt shifts in topics can lead to poor user experiences and inefficient utilization of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shu-Ting Pi , Pradeep Bagavan , Yejia Li , Disha , Qun Liu

Software engineering (SE) chatbots are increasingly gaining attention for their role in enhancing development processes. At the core of chatbots are Natural Language Understanding platforms (NLUs), which enable them to comprehend user…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Ebube Alor , Ahmad Abdellatif , SayedHassan Khatoonabadi , Emad Shihab

Retrieval-based chatbots leverage human-verified Q\&A knowledge to deliver accurate, verifiable responses, making them ideal for customer-centric applications where compliance with regulatory and operational standards is critical. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Mengze Hong , Chen Jason Zhang , Di Jiang , Yuanqin He

Personal assistant systems, such as Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana, are becoming ever more widely used. Understanding user intent such as clarification questions, potential answers and user feedback in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Liu Yang , Minghui Qiu , Chen Qu , Cen Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Yongfeng Zhang , W. Bruce Croft , Haiqing Chen

Joint intent detection and slot filling, which is also termed as joint NLU (Natural Language Understanding) is invaluable for smart voice assistants. Recent advancements in this area have been heavily focusing on improving accuracy using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Kalpa Gunaratna , Vijay Srinivasan , Hongxia Jin

We present NLU++, a novel dataset for natural language understanding (NLU) in task-oriented dialogue (ToD) systems, with the aim to provide a much more challenging evaluation environment for dialogue NLU models, up to date with the current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Iñigo Casanueva , Ivan Vulić , Georgios P. Spithourakis , Paweł Budzianowski

Goal-oriented conversational interfaces are designed to accomplish specific tasks and typically have interactions that tend to span multiple turns adhering to a pre-defined structure and a goal. However, conventional neural language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Katrin Kirchhoff

Customer care is an essential pillar of the e-commerce shopping experience with companies spending millions of dollars each year, employing automation and human agents, across geographies (like US, Canada, Mexico, Chile), channels (like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Saurabh Kumar , Sourav Bansal , Neeraj Agrawal , Priyanka Bhatt

Goal-oriented dialogue systems typically communicate with a backend (e.g. database, Web API) to complete certain tasks to reach a goal. The intents that a dialogue system can recognize are mostly included to the system by the developer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Umutcan Şimşek , Dieter Fensel

Multiple-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is an important and challenging Natural Language Understanding (NLU) task, in which a machine must choose the answer to a question from a set of choices, with the question placed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-12 Hui Wan

In recent times, a large number of people have been involved in establishing their own businesses. Unlike humans, chatbots can serve multiple customers at a time, are available 24/7 and reply in less than a fraction of a second. Though…

Building the Natural Language Understanding (NLU) modules of task-oriented Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDS) involves a definition of intents and entities, collection of task-relevant data, annotating the data with intents and entities, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Saurav Sahay , Eda Okur , Nagib Hakim , Lama Nachman

This work presents a novel architecture for context-aware interactions within smart environments, leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance user experiences. Our system integrates user location data obtained through UWB tags and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Aurora Polo-Rodríguez , Laura Fiorini , Erika Rovini , Filippo Cavallo , Javier Medina-Quero

User intent understanding is a crucial step in designing both conversational agents and search engines. Detecting or inferring user intent is challenging, since the user utterances or queries can be short, ambiguous, and contextually…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Ali Ahmadvand

Recognizing customer intent accurately with language models based on customer-agent conversational data is essential in today's digital customer service marketplace, but it is often hindered by the lack of sufficient labeled data. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Hengyu Luo , Peng Liu , Stefan Esping