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Personalized speech intelligibility prediction is challenging. Previous approaches have mainly relied on audiograms, which are inherently limited in accuracy as they only capture a listener's hearing threshold for pure tones. Rather than…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Haoshuai Zhou , Changgeng Mo , Boxuan Cao , Linkai Li , Shan Xiang Wang

For sensible progress in natural language processing, it is important that we are aware of the limitations of the evaluation metrics we use. In this work, we evaluate how robust metrics are to non-standardized dialects, i.e. spelling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Noëmi Aepli , Chantal Amrhein , Florian Schottmann , Rico Sennrich

Measuring quality and intelligibility of a speech signal is usually a critical step in development of speech processing systems. To enable this, a variety of metrics to measure quality and intelligibility under different assumptions have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-05 Anurag Kumar , Ke Tan , Zhaoheng Ni , Pranay Manocha , Xiaohui Zhang , Ethan Henderson , Buye Xu

Language understanding in speech-based systems have attracted much attention in recent years with the growing demand for voice interface applications. However, the robustness of natural language understanding (NLU) systems to errors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Lingyun Feng , Jianwei Yu , Deng Cai , Songxiang Liu , Haitao Zheng , Yan Wang

Over the past year, remote speech intelligibility testing has become a popular and necessary alternative to traditional in-person experiments due to the need for physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. A remote framework was…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Kevin M. Chu , Leslie M. Collins , Boyla O. Mainsah

This paper presents a speech intelligibility model based on automatic speech recognition (ASR), combining phoneme probabilities from deep neural networks (DNN) and a performance measure that estimates the word error rate from these…

Subjective tests are the gold standard for evaluating speech quality and intelligibility; however, they are time-consuming and expensive. Thus, objective measures that align with human perceptions are crucial. This study evaluates the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Hsin-Tien Chiang , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Szu-Wei Fu , Heng-Cheng Kuo , Ming-Hsueh Tsai , Yu Tsao

Objective speech quality assessment is central to telephony, VoIP, and streaming systems, where large volumes of degraded audio must be monitored and optimized at scale. Classical metrics such as PESQ and POLQA approximate human mean…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mahathir Monjur , Shahriar Nirjon

We introduce Speech-based Intelligence Quotient (SIQ) as a new form of human cognition-inspired evaluation pipeline for voice understanding large language models, LLM Voice, designed to assess their voice understanding ability. Moving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhen Wan , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Yahan Yu , Jinchuan Tian , Sheng Li , Ke Hu , Zhehuai Chen , Shinji Watanabe , Fei Cheng , Chenhui Chu , Sadao Kurohashi

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

Neural machine translation (NMT) systems exhibit limited robustness in handling source-side linguistic variations. Their performance tends to degrade when faced with even slight deviations in language usage, such as different domains or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam , Sina Ahmadi , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Automatic speech intelligibility assessment is crucial for monitoring speech disorders and therapy efficacy. However, existing methods are difficult to compare: research is fragmented across private datasets with inconsistent protocols. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Bence Mark Halpern , Thomas Tienkamp , Defne Abur , Tomoki Toda

Machine learning models for speech emotion recognition (SER) can be trained for different tasks and are usually evaluated based on a few available datasets per task. Tasks could include arousal, valence, dominance, emotional categories, or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-13 Anna Derington , Hagen Wierstorf , Ali Özkil , Florian Eyben , Felix Burkhardt , Björn W. Schuller

Recent advances in speech spoofing necessitate stronger verification mechanisms in neural speech codecs to ensure authenticity. Current methods embed numerical watermarks before compression and extract them from reconstructed speech for…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Junzuo Zhou , Jiangyan Yi , Yong Ren , Jianhua Tao , Tao Wang , Chu Yuan Zhang

In recent years, speech enhancement (SE) has achieved impressive progress with the success of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the DNN approach usually fails to generalize well to unseen environmental noise that is not included in the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Haoyu Li , Junichi Yamagishi

In this paper we propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN) based Speech Enhancement (SE) system that is designed to maximize an approximation of the Short-Time Objective Intelligibility (STOI) measure. We formalize an approximate-STOI cost…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Morten Kolbæk , Zheng-Hua Tan , Jesper Jensen

Neural audio codec tokens serve as the fundamental building blocks for speech language model (SLM)-based speech generation. However, there is no systematic understanding on how the codec system affects the speech generation performance of…

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into educational tools, current evaluations on standardized tests predominantly focus on binary outcome accuracy. Instead, an effective AI tutor must exhibit faithful reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Luoxi Tang , Tharunya Sundar , Yuqiao Meng , Shuai Yang , Ankita Patra , Lakshmi Manohar Chippada , Jiqian Zhao , Yi Li , Weicheng Ma , Zhaohan Xi

Code-switching poses a number of challenges and opportunities for multilingual automatic speech recognition. In this paper, we focus on the question of robust and fair evaluation metrics. To that end, we develop a reference benchmark data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-30 Injy Hamed , Amir Hussein , Oumnia Chellah , Shammur Chowdhury , Hamdy Mubarak , Sunayana Sitaram , Nizar Habash , Ahmed Ali