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Safe Reinforcement Learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure safety when an RL agent conducts learning by interacting with real-world environments where improper actions can induce high costs or lead to severe consequences. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Hanping Zhang , Yuhong Guo

Safe exploration remains a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), limiting the deployment of RL agents in the real world. We propose Sampling-Based Safe Reinforcement Learning (SBSRL), a model-based RL algorithm that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Luca Vignola , Bruce D. Lee , Manish Prajapat , Manuel Wendl , Melanie Zeilinger , Andreas Krause , Yarden As

Deep reinforcement learning has recently made significant progress in solving computer games and robotic control tasks. A known problem, though, is that policies overfit to the training environment and may not avoid rare, catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Xinlei Pan , Daniel Seita , Yang Gao , John Canny

Large language models require continuous adaptation to new tasks while preserving safety alignment. However, fine-tuning on even benign data often compromises safety behaviors, including refusal of harmful requests, truthfulness, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Thong Bach , Dung Nguyen , Thao Minh Le , Truyen Tran

We explore the use of deep reinforcement learning to audit an automatic short answer grading (ASAG) model. Automatic grading may decrease the time burden of rating open-ended items for educators, but a lack of robust evaluation methods for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Aubrey Condor , Zachary Pardos

Autonomous driving has the potential to revolutionize mobility and is hence an active area of research. In practice, the behavior of autonomous vehicles must be acceptable, i.e., efficient, safe, and interpretable. While vanilla…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Lukas M. Schmidt , Sebastian Rietsch , Axel Plinge , Bjoern M. Eskofier , Christopher Mutschler

Recent advancements in machine learning and reinforcement learning have brought increased attention to their applicability in a range of decision-making tasks in the operations of power systems, such as short-term emergency control,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-14 Yize Chen , Daniel Arnold , Yuanyuan Shi , Sean Peisert

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can achieve state-of-the-art performance in decision-making and continuous control tasks. However, applying RL algorithms on safety-critical systems still needs to be well justified due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Mahmoud Selim , Amr Alanwar , M. Watheq El-Kharashi , Hazem M. Abbas , Karl H. Johansson

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), we learn policies from fixed datasets without environment interaction. The major challenges are to provide guarantees on the (1) performance and (2) safety of the resulting policy. A technique called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Maris F. L. Galesloot , Thomas Rhemrev , Nils Jansen

Features in machine learning problems are often time-varying and may be related to outputs in an algebraic or dynamical manner. The dynamic nature of these machine learning problems renders current higher order accelerated gradient descent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-29 Joseph E. Gaudio , Travis E. Gibson , Anuradha M. Annaswamy , Michael A. Bolender

Robust Reinforcement Learning tries to make predictions more robust to changes in the dynamics or rewards of the system. This problem is particularly important when the dynamics and rewards of the environment are estimated from the data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Pierre Clavier , Stéphanie Allassonière , Erwan Le Pennec

Most existing safe reinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks focus on robotics and control tasks, offering limited relevance to high-stakes domains that involve structured constraints, mixed-integer decisions, and industrial complexity. This…

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved significant success on risk-sensitive tasks and shown promise in autonomous driving (AD) as well. Considering the distinctiveness of this community, efficient and reproducible baselines are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Linrui Zhang , Qin Zhang , Li Shen , Bo Yuan , Xueqian Wang

Adversarial robustness is essential for security and reliability of machine learning systems. However, adversarial robustness enhanced by defense algorithms is easily erased as the neural network's weights update to learn new tasks. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaolei Ru , Xiaowei Cao , Zijia Liu , Jack Murdoch Moore , Xin-Ya Zhang , Xia Zhu , Wenjia Wei , Gang Yan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents have great successes in solving tasks with large observation and action spaces from limited feedback. Still, training the agents is data-intensive and there are no guarantees that the learned behavior is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Helge Spieker

We present SafeLife, a publicly available reinforcement learning environment that tests the safety of reinforcement learning agents. It contains complex, dynamic, tunable, procedurally generated levels with many opportunities for unsafe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Carroll L. Wainwright , Peter Eckersley

We propose a novel benchmark environment for Safe Reinforcement Learning focusing on aquatic navigation. Aquatic navigation is an extremely challenging task due to the non-stationary environment and the uncertainties of the robotic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Enrico Marchesini , Davide Corsi , Alessandro Farinelli

Deep Neural Network-based systems are now the state-of-the-art in many robotics tasks, but their application in safety-critical domains remains dangerous without formal guarantees on network robustness. Small perturbations to sensor inputs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Michael Everett , Bjorn Lutjens , Jonathan P. How

Large Language Models for Simulating Professions (SP-LLMs), particularly as teachers, are pivotal for personalized education. However, ensuring their professional competence and ethical safety is a critical challenge, as existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yilin Jiang , Mingzi Zhang , Xuanyu Yin , Sheng Jin , Suyu Lu , Zuocan Ying , Zengyi Yu , Xiangjie Kong

Autonomous driving vehicles with self-learning capabilities are expected to evolve in complex environments to improve their ability to cope with different scenarios. However, most self-learning algorithms suffer from low learning efficiency…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuo Yang , Caojun Wang , Zhenyu Ma , Yanjun Huang , Hong Chen