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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures achieve parameter efficiency through conditional computation, yet contemporary designs suffer from two fundamental limitations: structural parameter isolation that causes catastrophic forgetting, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuxing Gan , Ziyu Lei

Recent progress in deep learning has been driven by increasingly large-scale models, but the resulting computational cost has become a critical bottleneck. Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) offers an effective solution by activating only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Masahiro Kada , Ryota Yoshihashi , Satoshi Ikehata , Rei Kawakami , Ikuro Sato

Due to the inherent difficulty in modeling phonetic similarities across different languages, code-switching speech recognition presents a formidable challenge. This study proposes a Collaborative-MoE, a Mixture of Experts (MoE) model that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Hukai Huang , Jiayan Lin , Kaidi Wang , Yishuang Li , Wenhao Guan , Lin Li , Qingyang Hong

Vision Transformers have emerged as the state-of-the-art models in various Computer Vision tasks, but their high computational and resource demands pose significant challenges. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) can make these models more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Uranik Berisha , Jens Mehnert , Alexandru Paul Condurache

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become a fundamental building block in state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs), improving domain-specific expertise in LLMs and scaling model capacity without proportionally increasing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Ankit Jyothish , Ali Jannesari , Aishwarya Sarkar , Joseph Zuber

As the era of big data arrives, traditional artificial intelligence algorithms have difficulty processing the demands of massive and diverse data. Mixture of experts (MoE) has shown excellent performance and broad application prospects.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wensheng Gan , Zhenyao Ning , Zhenlian Qi , Philip S. Yu

A useful strategy to deal with complex classification scenarios is the "divide and conquer" approach. The mixture of experts (MOE) technique makes use of this strategy by joinly training a set of classifiers, or experts, that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-05-30 Billy Peralta

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model is powerful for large-scale pre-training and has achieved promising results due to its model capacity. However, with trillions of parameters, MoE is hard to be deployed on cloud or mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Tianyu Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yuan Xie , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Haoyi Zhou , Jianxin Li , Furu Wei

Many data have an underlying dependence on spatial location; it may be weather on the Earth, a simulation on a mesh, or a registered image. Yet this feature is rarely taken advantage of, and violates common assumptions made by many neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Nikoli Dryden , Torsten Hoefler

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is becoming popular due to its success in improving the model quality, especially in Transformers. By routing tokens with a sparse gate to a few experts (i.e., a small pieces of the full model), MoE can easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Qibin Liu , Jilong Xue , Youshan Miao , Yi Liu , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Large language models, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, have demonstrated exceptional language understanding capabilities in various NLP tasks. Sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising solution for scaling models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jiamin Li , Qiang Su , Yitao Yang , Yimin Jiang , Cong Wang , Hong Xu

Understanding the internal organization of neural networks remains a fundamental challenge in deep learning interpretability. We address this challenge by exploring a novel Sparse Mixture of Experts Variational Autoencoder (SMoE-VAE)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Strahinja Nikolic , Ilker Oguz , Demetri Psaltis

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown remarkable capability in instruction tuning, especially when the number of tasks scales. However, previous methods simply merge all training tasks (e.g. creative writing, coding, and mathematics)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tong Zhu , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Jiacheng Ruan , Wenliang Chen , Yu Cheng

Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a popular framework for modeling heterogeneity in data for regression, classification and clustering. For continuous data which we consider here in the context of regression and cluster analysis, MoE usually use…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-30 Faicel Chamroukhi

Reinforcement learning (RL) has equipped LLM agents with a strong ability to solve complex tasks. However, existing RL methods normally use a \emph{single} policy network, causing \emph{simplicity bias} where simple tasks occupy most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shengtian Yang , Yu Li , Shuo He , Yewen Li , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang , Lei Feng

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural architecture design that can be utilized to add learnable parameters to Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing inference cost. Instruction tuning is a technique for training LLMs to…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach to reduce the computational overhead of Transformer architectures by sparsely activating a subset of parameters for each token while preserving high model capacity. This paradigm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dohwan Ko , Jinyoung Park , Seoung Choi , Sanghyeok Lee , Seohyun Lee , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Robustifying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) against adversarial attacks remains challenging and often requires resource-intensive countermeasures. We explore the use of sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers to improve robustness by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

In this work, we study the asymptotic behavior of Mixture of Experts (MoE) trained via gradient flow on supervised learning problems. Our main result establishes the propagation of chaos for a MoE as the number of experts diverges. We…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Anderson Melchor Hernandez , Davide Pastorello , Giacomo De Palma

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) model incorporates the power of multiple submodels via gating functions to achieve greater performance in numerous regression and classification applications. From a theoretical perspective, while there have been…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Huy Nguyen , Pedram Akbarian , TrungTin Nguyen , Nhat Ho