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The protection of Intellectual Property (IP) in Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a critical challenge in contemporary AI research. While fingerprinting techniques have emerged as a fundamental mechanism for detecting unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hanxiu Zhang , Yue Zheng

Large Language Models increasingly possess capabilities that carry dual-use risks. While data filtering has emerged as a pretraining-time mitigation, it faces significant challenges: labeling whether data is harmful is expensive at scale,…

Federated Learning (FL) is a widely adopted privacy-preserving machine learning approach where private data remains local, enabling secure computations and the exchange of local model gradients between local clients and third-party…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Hanchi Ren , Jingjing Deng , Xianghua Xie

Design patterns provide reusable solutions to recurring software design problems. Automatically detecting these patterns in source code can help bootstrap new developers' understanding of unfamiliar software system architectures, and can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Oishik Chowdhury , Bastin Tony Roy Savarimuthu , Sherlock A. Licorish

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across various natural language processing tasks but often struggle to excel uniformly in diverse or complex domains. We propose a novel ensemble method - Diverse Fingerprint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Seffi Cohen , Niv Goldshlager , Nurit Cohen-Inger , Bracha Shapira , Lior Rokach

Training large language models (LLMs) is resource-intensive and expensive, making protecting intellectual property (IP) for LLMs crucial. Recently, embedding fingerprints into LLMs has emerged as a prevalent method for establishing model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jiaxuan Wu , Yinghan Zhou , Wanli Peng , Yiming Xue , Juan Wen , Ping Zhong

The self-attention revolution allowed generative language models to scale and achieve increasingly impressive abilities. Such models - commonly referred to as Large Language Models (LLMs) - have recently gained prominence with the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Da Silva Gameiro Henrique , Andrei Kucharavy , Rachid Guerraoui

The malware booming is a cyberspace equal to the effect of climate change to ecosystems in terms of danger. In the case of significant investments in cybersecurity technologies and staff training, the global community has become locked up…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Ishita Gupta , Sneha Kumari , Priya Jha , Mohona Ghosh

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate code but often introduce security vulnerabilities, logical inconsistencies, and compilation errors. Prior work demonstrates that LLMs benefit substantially from structured feedback, static analysis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Vidyut Sriram , Sawan Pandita , Achintya Lakshmanan , Aneesh Shamraj , Suman Saha

Zero-shot graph machine learning, especially with graph neural networks (GNNs), has garnered significant interest due to the challenge of scarce labeled data. While methods like self-supervised learning and graph prompt learning have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Duo Wang , Yuan Zuo , Fengzhi Li , Junjie Wu

Node classification is a fundamental task in graph analysis, with broad applications across various fields. Recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled LLM-based approaches for this task. Although many studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Xixi Wu , Yifei Shen , Fangzhou Ge , Caihua Shan , Yizhu Jiao , Xiangguo Sun , Hong Cheng

Image generation algorithms are increasingly integral to diverse aspects of human society, driven by their practical applications. However, insufficient oversight in artificial Intelligence generated content (AIGC) can facilitate the spread…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Wenhao Luo , Zhangyi Shen , Ye Yao , Feng Ding , Guopu Zhu , Weizhi Meng

Malware family classification remains a challenging task in automated malware analysis, particularly in real-world settings characterized by obfuscation, packing, and rapidly evolving threats. Existing machine learning and deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Samita Bai , Hamed Jelodar , Tochukwu Emmanuel Nwankwo , Parisa Hamedi , Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Various deep learning-based approaches utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been proposed for automated vulnerability detection. With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), several studies have begun exploring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Junji Yu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into diverse industries, posing substantial security risks due to unauthorized replication and misuse. To mitigate these concerns, robust identification mechanisms are widely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Xuhong Wang , Haoyu Jiang , Yi Yu , Jingru Yu , Yilun Lin , Ping Yi , Yingchun Wang , Yu Qiao , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

Tensor networks are efficient for extremely high-dimensional representation, but their model selection, known as tensor network structure search (TN-SS), is a challenging problem. Although several works have targeted TN-SS, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Junhua Zeng , Chao Li , Zhun Sun , Qibin Zhao , Guoxu Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as powerful tools for detecting software vulnerabilities, where task-specific fine-tuning is typically employed to provide vulnerability-specific knowledge to the LLMs. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Ruijun Feng , Hammond Pearce , Pietro Liguori , Yulei Sui

Machine learning has revolutionized polymer science by enabling rapid property prediction and generative design. Large language models (LLMs) offer further opportunities in polymer informatics by simplifying workflows that traditionally…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sonakshi Gupta , Akhlak Mahmood , Shivank Shukla , Rampi Ramprasad

The widespread adoption of Large Language Model (LLM) in commercial and research settings has intensified the need for robust intellectual property protection. Backdoor-based LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a promising solution for this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hang Fu , Wanli Peng , Yinghan Zhou , Jiaxuan Wu , Juan Wen , Yiming Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown a high capability in answering questions on a diverse range of topics. However, these models sometimes produce biased, ideologized or incorrect responses, limiting their applications if there is no…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Xiaotian Zhou , Di Tang , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhong Liu