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Qualitative and quantitative approaches to reasoning about uncertainty can lead to different logical systems for formalizing such reasoning, even when the language for expressing uncertainty is the same. In the case of reasoning about…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Matthew Harrison-Trainor , Wesley H. Holliday , Thomas F. Icard

We consider the first-order theory of random variables with the probabilistic independence relation, which concerns statements consisting of random variables, the probabilistic independence symbol, logical operators, and existential and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Cheuk Ting Li

Possibilistic logic, an extension of first-order logic, deals with uncertainty that can be estimated in terms of possibility and necessity measures. Syntactically, this means that a first-order formula is equipped with a possibility degree…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Bernhard Hollunder

Recent authors have proposed analyzing conditional reasoning through a notion of intervention on a simulation program, and have found a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic of conditionals in this setting. Here we extend this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Duligur Ibeling

This paper considers the problem of learning safe policies in the context of reinforcement learning (RL). In particular, we consider the notion of probabilistic safety. This is, we aim to design policies that maintain the state of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Weiqin Chen , Dharmashankar Subramanian , Santiago Paternain

Plausible reasoning concerns situations whose inherent lack of precision is not quantified; that is, there are no degrees or levels of precision, and hence no use of numbers like probabilities. A hopefully comprehensive set of principles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-05 David Billington

A semantics is given to possibilistic logic, a logic that handles weighted classical logic formulae, and where weights are interpreted as lower bounds on degrees of certainty or possibility, in the sense of Zadeh's possibility theory. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Jerome Lang , Didier Dubois , Henri Prade

This paper presents a Probabilistic State Algebra as an extension of deterministic propositional logic, providing a computational framework for constructing Markov Random Fields (MRFs) through pure linear algebra. By mapping logical states…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dmitry Lesnik , Tobias Schäfer

In this paper we deal with a new approach to probabilistic reasoning in a logical framework. Nearly almost all logics of probability that have been proposed in the literature are based on classical two-valued logic. After making clear the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Petr Hajek , Lluis Godo , Francesc Esteva

This thesis explores proofs by coupling from the perspective of formal verification. Long employed in probability theory and theoretical computer science, these proofs construct couplings between the output distributions of two…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-11-02 Justin Hsu

It has been widely acknowledged that probabilistic independence and logical independence cannot be coherently reconciled. By bridging these two notions, this paper addresses three long-standing problems that have puzzled the field of…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Chuanfeng Sun

An approach to reasoning with default rules where the proportion of exceptions, or more generally the probability of encountering an exception, can be at least roughly assessed is presented. It is based on local uncertainty propagation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Stephane Amarger , Didier Dubois , Henri Prade

We show how to give a coherent semantics to programs that are well-specified in a version of separation logic for a language with higher types: idealized algol extended with heaps (but with immutable stack variables). In particular, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Lars Birkedal , Noah Torp-Smith , Hongseok Yang

Parameter identification problems are formulated in a probabilistic language, where the randomness reflects the uncertainty about the knowledge of the true values. This setting allows conceptually easily to incorporate new information, e.g.…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Bojana V. Rosić , Anna Kučerová , Jan Sýkora , Oliver Pajonk , Alexander Litvinenko , Hermann G. Matthies

A probabilistic propositional logic, endowed with an epistemic component for asserting (non-)compatibility of diagonizable and bounded observables, is presented and illustrated for reasoning about the random results of projective…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-03-20 A. Sernadas , J. Rasga , C. Sernadas , L. Alcácer , A. B. Henriques

Argumentation problems are concerned with determining the acceptability of a set of arguments from their relational structure. When the available information is uncertain, probabilistic argumentation frameworks provide modelling tools to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Pietro Totis , Angelika Kimmig , Luc De Raedt

Formalisms for specifying statistical models, such as probabilistic-programming languages, typically consist of two components: a specification of a stochastic process (the prior), and a specification of observations that restrict the…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-01-06 Vince Barany , Balder ten Cate , Benny Kimelfeld , Dan Olteanu , Zografoula Vagena

Probabilities of causation (PoCs) are fundamental quantities for counterfactual analysis and personalized decision making. However, existing analytical results are largely confined to binary settings. This paper extends PoCs to multi-valued…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Xin Shu , Shuai Wang , Ang Li

A logic is defined that allows to express information about statistical probabilities and about degrees of belief in specific propositions. By interpreting the two types of probabilities in one common probability space, the semantics given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Manfred Jaeger

Probabilistic bisimulation is a fundamental notion of process equivalence for probabilistic systems. Among others, it has important applications including formalizing the anonymity property of several communication protocols. There is a lot…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Chih-Duo Hong , Anthony W. Lin , Rupak Majumdar , Philipp Rümmer