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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) excel in learning hierarchical representations from raw data, such as images, audio, and text. To compute these DNN models with high performance and energy efficiency, these models are usually deployed onto…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have emerged as a core tool for machine learning. The computations performed during DNN training and inference are dominated by operations on the weight matrices describing the DNN. As DNNs incorporate more…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Jeremy Kepner , Manoj Kumar , José Moreira , Pratap Pattnaik , Mauricio Serrano , Henry Tufo

In this paper, first, a hardware-friendly pruning algorithm for reducing energy consumption and improving the speed of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network accelerators is presented. Next, an FPGA-based platform for efficient…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Seyed Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh , Erfan Bank Tavakoli , Mehdi Kamal , Ali Afzali-Kusha , Massoud Pedram

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Machine learning algorithms are being used more frequently in the first-level triggers in collider experiments, with Graph Neural Networks pushing the hardware requirements of FPGA-based triggers beyond the current state of the art. To meet…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-27 Marc Neu , Isabel Haide , Torben Ferber , Jürgen Becker

Deep neural nets (DNNs) compression is crucial for adaptation to mobile devices. Though many successful algorithms exist to compress naturally trained DNNs, developing efficient and stable compression algorithms for robustly trained DNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Thu Dinh , Bao Wang , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Stanley J. Osher

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) predominantly rely on General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) kernels, which are often accelerated using specialized hardware architectures. Recently, analog photonic GEMM accelerators have emerged as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Oluwaseun Adewunmi Alo , Sairam Sri Vatsavai , Ishan Thakkar

Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). The systolic array (SA) is a pipelined 2D array of processing elements…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

In trained deep neural networks, unstructured pruning can reduce redundant weights to lower storage cost. However, it requires the customization of hardwares to speed up practical inference. Another trend accelerates sparse model inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Zhuliang Yao , Shijie Cao , Wencong Xiao , Chen Zhang , Lanshun Nie

Deep neural networks (DNNs) offer plenty of challenges in executing efficient computation at edge nodes, primarily due to the huge hardware resource demands. The article proposes HYDRA, hybrid data multiplexing, and runtime layer…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Sonu Kumar , Komal Gupta , Gopal Raut , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

In recent years, Transformer-based language models have become the standard approach for natural language processing tasks. However, stringent throughput and latency requirements in industrial applications are limiting their adoption. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Haihao Shen , Hengyu Meng , Bo Dong , Zhe Wang , Ofir Zafrir , Yi Ding , Yu Luo , Hanwen Chang , Qun Gao , Ziheng Wang , Guy Boudoukh , Moshe Wasserblat

With increasing diversity in Deep Neural Network(DNN) models in terms of layer shapes and sizes, the research community has been investigating flexible/reconfigurable accelerator substrates. This line of research has opened up two…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Ananda Samajdar , Michael Pellauer , Tushar Krishna

Reconfigurable architectures like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have been used for accelerating computations in several domains because of their unique combination of flexibility, performance, and power efficiency. However, FPGAs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Murat Isik , Kayode Inadagbo , Hakan Aktas

Automatic crack segmentation is a cornerstone technology for intelligent visual perception modules in road safety maintenance and structural integrity systems. Existing deep learning models and ``pre-training + fine-tuning'' paradigms often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Xinlong Wan , Xiaoyan Jiang , Guangsheng Luo , Ferdous Sohel , Jenqneng Hwang

The emergence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in mission- and safety-critical applications brings their reliability to the front. High performance demands of DNNs require the use of specialized hardware accelerators. Systolic array…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Natalia Cherezova , Artur Jutman , Maksim Jenihhin

Large language model (LLM) pruning with fixed N:M structured sparsity significantly limits the expressivity of the sparse model, yielding sub-optimal performance. In contrast, supporting multiple N:M patterns to provide sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Akshat Ramachandran , Souvik Kundu , Arnab Raha , Shamik Kundu , Deepak K. Mathaikutty , Tushar Krishna

The GEneral Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is one of the essential algorithms in scientific computing. Single-thread GEMM implementations are well-optimised with techniques like blocking and autotuning. However, due to the complexity of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yufan Xia , Marco De La Pierre , Amanda S. Barnard , Giuseppe Maria Junior Barca

The majority of research in both training Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and modeling learning in biological brains focuses on synaptic plasticity, where learning equates to changing the strength of existing connections. However, in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-13 James C. Knight , Johanna Senk , Thomas Nowotny

Network pruning reduces the computational requirements of large neural networks, with N:M sparsity -- retaining only N out of every M consecutive weights -- offering a compelling balance between compressed model quality and hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xiang Meng , Mehdi Makni , Rahul Mazumder

General matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation in deep learning (DL). With DL moving increasingly toward low precision, recent works have proposed novel unary GEMM designs as an alternative to conventional binary GEMM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Harideep Nair , Di Wu , Shawn Blanton , John Paul Shen