Related papers: Biased rate estimates in bump-hunt searches
Despite intensive searches at the LHC, no new fundamental particle has been discovered since the discovery of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. In general, a new physics discovery is challenging without a UV-complete model because different channels…
In particle detectors at the Large Hadron Collider, tens of terabytes of data are produced every second from proton-proton collisions occurring at a rate of 40 megahertz. This data rate is reduced to a sustainable level by a real-time event…
Methods for anomaly detection of new physics processes are often limited to low-dimensional spaces due to the difficulty of learning high-dimensional probability densities. Particularly at the constituent level, incorporating desirable…
In axion models, interactions between axions and electromagnetic waves induce frequency-dependent time delays determined by the axion mass and decay constant. These small delays are difficult to detect, limiting the effectiveness of…
In the next decade, high energy physicists will use very sophisticated equipment to record unprecedented amounts of data in the hope of making major advances in our understanding of particle phenomena. Some of the signals of new physics…
Particle size measurement based on digital holography with conventional algorithms are usually time-consuming and susceptible to noises associated with hologram quality and particle complexity, limiting its usage in a broad range of…
Searches for new physics in high-multiplicity events with little or no missing energy are an important component of the LHC program, complementary to analyses that rely on missing energy. We consider the potential reach of searches for…
Detecting the faint emission of a secondary source in the proximity of the much brighter source has been the most severe obstacle for using direct imaging in searching for exoplanets. Using quantum state discrimination and quantum imaging…
The Higgs boson is the most anticipated discovery at the LHC, which can only partially explore its true nature. Thus one of the most compelling arguments to build a future linear collider is to investigate properties of the Higgs boson,…
We describe a statistical hypothesis test for the presence of a signal. The test allows the researcher to fix the signal location and/or width a priori, or perform a search to find the signal region that maximizes the signal. The background…
The observation of resonances is unequivocal evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). So far, inclusive and model dependent searches have not provided evidence of new resonances, indicating that…
The prospects for the search of the Standard Model Higgs boson with the CMS experiment at the LHC are presented. The analyses rely on a full simulation of the detector response and emphasis is put on explicit strategies for the measurement…
A large fraction of the information collected by cosmological surveys is simply discarded to avoid lengthscales which are difficult to model theoretically. We introduce a new technique which enables the extraction of useful information from…
We analyze the effect of a heterogeneous variance on bump detection in a Gaussian regression model. To this end we allow for a simultaneous bump in the variance and specify its impact on the difficulty to detect the null signal against a…
When searching for a new resonance somewhere in a possible mass range, the significance of observing a local excess of events must take into account the probability of observing such an excess anywhere in the range. This is the so called…
After successful discovery of the Higgs boson, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) would confront the major challenge in searching for new physics and new particles. Any such observation necessitates the determination of mass and other quantum…
A review of the discovery potential of LHC for new phenomena beyond the Standard Model (BSM) other than Supersymmetry in the early phase of running is presented. Topics covered include searches for extra dimensions in different scenarios…
The concept of biased data is well known and its practical applications range from social sciences and biology to economics and quality control. These observations arise when a sampling procedure chooses an observation with probability that…
We discuss the traditional criterion for discovery in Particle Physics of requiring a significance corresponding to at least 5 sigma; and whether a more nuanced approach might be better.
The possibility of strong biases in a multicomponent Maximum Likelihood fits with component-dependent templates has been demonstrated in some toy problems. We discuss here in detail a problem of practical interest, particle identification…