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Large language models (LLMs) are designed to perform a wide range of tasks. To improve their ability to solve complex problems requiring multi-step reasoning, recent research leverages process reward modeling to provide fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

In the age of large transformer language models, linguistic evaluation play an important role in diagnosing models' abilities and limitations on natural language understanding. However, current evaluation methods show some significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Zeming Chen , Qiyue Gao

RALMs (Retrieval-Augmented Language Models) broaden their knowledge scope by incorporating external textual resources. However, the multilingual nature of global knowledge necessitates RALMs to handle diverse languages, a topic that has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Suhang Wu , Jialong Tang , Baosong Yang , Ante Wang , Kaidi Jia , Jiawei Yu , Junfeng Yao , Jinsong Su

New models for natural language understanding have recently made an unparalleled amount of progress, which has led some researchers to suggest that the models induce universal text representations. However, current benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Damien Sileo , Tim Van-de-Cruys , Camille Pradel , Philippe Muller

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate unprecedented capabilities and define the state of the art for almost all natural language processing (NLP) tasks and also for essentially all Language Technology (LT) applications. LLMs can only be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Georg Rehm , Annika Grützner-Zahn , Fabio Barth

Large language models (LLMs) are essential tools that users employ across various scenarios, so evaluating their performance and guiding users in selecting the suitable service is important. Although many benchmarks exist, they mainly focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jiayin Wang , Fengran Mo , Weizhi Ma , Peijie Sun , Min Zhang , Jian-Yun Nie

Ensuring native-like quality of large language model (LLM) responses across many languages is challenging. To address this, we introduce MENLO, a framework that operationalizes the evaluation of native-like response quality based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chenxi Whitehouse , Sebastian Ruder , Tony Lin , Oksana Kurylo , Haruka Takagi , Janice Lam , Nicolò Busetto , Denise Diaz , Francisco Guzmán

Machine learning has brought striking advances in multilingual natural language processing capabilities over the past year. For example, the latest techniques have improved the state-of-the-art performance on the XTREME multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Sebastian Ruder , Noah Constant , Jan Botha , Aditya Siddhant , Orhan Firat , Jinlan Fu , Pengfei Liu , Junjie Hu , Dan Garrette , Graham Neubig , Melvin Johnson

Text embeddings are typically evaluated on a limited set of tasks, which are constrained by language, domain, and task diversity. To address these limitations and provide a more comprehensive evaluation, we introduce the Massive…

Multimodal Large Languages models have been progressing from uni-modal understanding toward unifying visual, audio and language modalities, collectively termed omni models. However, the correlation between uni-modal and omni-modal remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Chen Chen , ZeYang Hu , Fengjiao Chen , Liya Ma , Jiaxing Liu , Xiaoyu Li , Ziwen Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai

Recent strides in Large Language Models (LLMs) have saturated many Natural Language Processing (NLP) benchmarks, emphasizing the need for more challenging ones to properly assess LLM capabilities. However, domain-specific and multilingual…

Level assessment for foreign language students is necessary for putting them in the right level group, furthermore, interviewing students is a very time-consuming task, so we propose to automate the evaluation of speaker fluency level by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-03 Alan Preciado-Grijalva , Ramon F. Brena

Nowadays, pretrained language models (PLMs) have dominated the majority of NLP tasks. While, little research has been conducted on systematically evaluating the language abilities of PLMs. In this paper, we present a large-scale empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Junyi Li , Tianyi Tang , Zheng Gong , Lixin Yang , Zhuohao Yu , Zhipeng Chen , Jingyuan Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

The longstanding goal of multi-lingual learning has been to develop a universal cross-lingual model that can withstand the changes in multi-lingual data distributions. There has been a large amount of work to adapt such multi-lingual models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Meryem M'hamdi , Xiang Ren , Jonathan May

This paper explores the multilingual commonsense generation abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). To facilitate this investigation, we introduce MULTICOM, a novel benchmark that extends the COCOTEROS dataset to four languages: English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Ivan Martínez-Murillo , Elena Lloret , Paloma Moreda , Albert Gatt

The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has predominantly focused on high-resource languages, leaving extremely low-resource languages like Irish with limited representation. This work presents UCCIX, a pioneering effort on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Khanh-Tung Tran , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

The recent development and success of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitate an evaluation of their performance across diverse NLP tasks in different languages. Although several frameworks have been developed and made publicly available,…

Existing neural machine translation (NMT) studies mainly focus on developing dataset-specific models based on data from different tasks (e.g., document translation and chat translation). Although the dataset-specific models have achieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Jinan Xu , Jiaan Wang , Yufeng Chen , Jie Zhou

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrates remarkable multilingual capabilities in natural language processing, attracting global attention in both academia and industry. To mitigate potential discrimination and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kaiyu Huang , Fengran Mo , Xinyu Zhang , Hongliang Li , You Li , Yuanchi Zhang , Weijian Yi , Yulong Mao , Jinchen Liu , Yuzhuang Xu , Jinan Xu , Jian-Yun Nie , Yang Liu

Lately, propelled by the phenomenal advances around the transformer architecture, the legal NLP field has enjoyed spectacular growth. To measure progress, well curated and challenging benchmarks are crucial. However, most benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Joel Niklaus , Veton Matoshi , Pooja Rani , Andrea Galassi , Matthias Stürmer , Ilias Chalkidis