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Machine unlearning poses challenges in removing mislabeled, contaminated, or problematic data from a pretrained model. Current unlearning approaches and evaluation metrics are solely focused on model predictions, which limits insight into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Khoa Tran , Simon S. Woo

With the introduction of data protection and privacy regulations, it has become crucial to remove the lineage of data on demand from a machine learning (ML) model. In the last few years, there have been notable developments in machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Ayush K Tarun , Vikram S Chundawat , Murari Mandal , Mohan Kankanhalli

Unlearning seeks to remove specific knowledge from large language models (LLMs), but its effectiveness remains contested. On one side, "forgotten" knowledge can often be recovered through interventions such as light fine-tuning; on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qingjie Zhang , Haoting Qian , Zhicong Huang , Cheng Hong , Minlie Huang , Ke Xu , Chao Zhang , Han Qiu

Duplication is a prevalent issue within datasets. Existing research has demonstrated that the presence of duplicated data in training datasets can significantly influence both model performance and data privacy. However, the impact of data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Jiayang Li , Kun Gao , Bo Liu , Leo Yu Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Yang Zhang

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training samples from a trained model without full retraining. While prior work has largely focused on privacy-motivated settings, we recast unlearning as a general-purpose tool…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-11 George R. Nahass , Zhu Wang , Homa Rashidisabet , Won Hwa Kim , Sasha Hubschman , Jeffrey C. Peterson , Chad A. Purnell , Pete Setabutr , Ann Q. Tran , Darvin Yi , Sathya N. Ravi

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to remove the influence of specific training samples from a well-trained model, a task of growing importance due to the ``right to be forgotten.'' The unlearned model should approach the retrained model, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xinwen Cheng , Zhehao Huang , Wenxin Zhou , Zhengbao He , Ruikai Yang , Yingwen Wu , Xiaolin Huang

Conformal unlearning aims to ensure that a trained conformal predictor miscovers data points with specific shared characteristics, such as those from a particular label class, associated with a specific user, or belonging to a defined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yahya Alkhatib , Muhammad Ahmar Jamal , Wee Peng Tay

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to remove the influence of specific data from a trained model. However, approximate unlearning methods, often formulated as a single-objective optimization (SOO) problem, face a critical trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Youngsik Hwang , Dong-Young Lim

Machine unlearning, where users can request the deletion of a forget dataset, is becoming increasingly important because of numerous privacy regulations. Initial works on ``exact'' unlearning (e.g., retraining) incur large computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Ali Ebrahimpour-Boroojeny , Hari Sundaram , Varun Chandrasekaran

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) extend foundation models to real-world applications by integrating inputs such as text and vision. However, their broad knowledge capacity raises growing concerns about privacy leakage, toxicity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kunhao Li , Wenhao Li , Di Wu , Lei Yang , Jun Bai , Ju Jia , Jason Xue

Large language models trained on web-scale corpora can memorize undesirable data containing misinformation, copyrighted material, or private or sensitive information. Recently, several machine unlearning algorithms have been proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Keivan Rezaei , Khyathi Chandu , Soheil Feizi , Yejin Choi , Faeze Brahman , Abhilasha Ravichander

Large language models inevitably retain sensitive information, defined as inputs that may induce harmful generations, due to training on massive web corpora, raising concerns for privacy and safety. Existing machine unlearning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yujie Lin , Chengyi Yang , Zhishang Xiang , Yiping Song , Jinsong Su

Large language model (LLM) unlearning aims to remove specific data influences from pre-trained model without costly retraining, addressing privacy, copyright, and safety concerns. However, recent studies reveal a critical vulnerability:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zeguan Xiao , Xuanzhe Xu , Yun Chen , Yong Wang , Jian Yang , Yanqing Hu , Guanhua Chen

Machine unlearning is a process to remove specific data points from a trained model while maintaining the performance on the retain data, addressing privacy or legal requirements. Despite its importance, existing unlearning evaluations tend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yongwoo Kim , Sungmin Cha , Donghyun Kim

Machine learning models may inadvertently memorize sensitive, unauthorized, or malicious data, posing risks of privacy breaches, security vulnerabilities, and performance degradation. To address these issues, machine unlearning has emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Jie Xu , Zihan Wu , Cong Wang , Xiaohua Jia

With the increasing demand for the right to be forgotten, machine unlearning (MU) has emerged as a vital tool for enhancing trust and regulatory compliance by enabling the removal of sensitive data influences from machine learning (ML)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuhao Sun , Yihua Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Hongtao Xie , Sijia Liu

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) develop, their potential security issues have become increasingly prominent. Machine Unlearning (MU), as an effective strategy for forgetting specific knowledge in training data, has been widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Junkai Chen , Zhijie Deng , Kening Zheng , Yibo Yan , Shuliang Liu , PeiJun Wu , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training records from a deployed model without retraining from scratch. Current protocols verify this at the output level through membership inference, retain accuracy, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Georgina Cosma , Axel Finke

Machine unlearning is an emerging paradigm to remove the influence of specific training data (i.e., the forget set) from a model while preserving its knowledge of the rest of the data (i.e., the retain set). Previous approaches assume the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Thomas De Min , Subhankar Roy , Stéphane Lathuilière , Elisa Ricci , Massimiliano Mancini

Machine unlearning has emerged as a key component in ensuring ``Right to be Forgotten'', enabling the removal of specific data points from trained models. However, even when the unlearning is performed without poisoning the forget-set…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Marco Arazzi , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P