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In contemporary autonomous driving testing, virtual simulation has become an important approach due to its efficiency and cost effectiveness. However, existing methods usually rely on reinforcement learning to generate risky scenarios,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chen Xiong , Cheng Wang , Yuhang Liu , Zirui Wu , Ye Tian

Verifying highly automated driving functions can be challenging, requiring identifying relevant test scenarios. Scenario-based testing will likely play a significant role in verifying these systems, predominantly occurring within…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Maximilian Zipfl , Barbara Schütt , J. Marius Zöllner

In autonomous navigation, a planning system reasons about other agents to plan a safe and plausible trajectory. Before planning starts, agents are typically processed with computationally intensive models for recognition, tracking, motion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Khaled S. Refaat , Kai Ding , Natalia Ponomareva , Stéphane Ross

Simulation plays a crucial role in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) due to the potential risks associated with real-world testing. Although significant progress has been made in the visual aspects of simulators, generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Wenhao Ding , Yulong Cao , Ding Zhao , Chaowei Xiao , Marco Pavone

To ensure their safe use, autonomous vehicles (AVs) must meet rigorous certification criteria that involve executing maneuvers safely within (arbitrary) scenarios where other actors perform their intended maneuvers. For that purpose,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Aren A. Babikian , Attila Ficsor , Oszkár Semeráth , Gunter Mussbacher , Dániel Varró

This paper introduces CRITICAL, a novel closed-loop framework for autonomous vehicle (AV) training and testing. CRITICAL stands out for its ability to generate diverse scenarios, focusing on critical driving situations that target specific…

Motion planning for autonomous vehicles sharing the road with human drivers remains challenging. The difficulty arises from three challenging aspects: human drivers are 1) multi-modal, 2) interacting with the autonomous vehicle, and 3)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Rui Oliveira , Siddharth H. Nair , Bo Wahlberg

Simulation has the potential to massively scale evaluation of self-driving systems enabling rapid development as well as safe deployment. To close the gap between simulation and the real world, we need to simulate realistic multi-agent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Simon Suo , Sebastian Regalado , Sergio Casas , Raquel Urtasun

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AV) requires rigorous testing under both everyday driving and rare, safety-critical conditions. A key challenge lies in simulating environment agents, including background vehicles (BVs) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Qiujing Lu , Xuanhan Wang , Runze Yuan , Wei Lu , Xinyi Gong , Shuo Feng

For a foreseeable future, autonomous vehicles (AVs) will operate in traffic together with human-driven vehicles. Their planning and control systems need extensive testing, including early-stage testing in simulations where the interactions…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Ran Tian , Nan Li , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Yildiray Yildiz , Anouck Girard

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase traffic safety and traffic efficiency, among others by enabling flexible mobility-on-demand systems. This is particularly important in Singapore, being one of the world's most densely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-20 J. Ploeg , E. de Gelder , M. Slavík , E. Querner , T. Webster , N. de Boer

Traffic simulation is essential for autonomous vehicle (AV) development, enabling comprehensive safety evaluation across diverse driving conditions. However, traditional rule-based simulators struggle to capture complex human interactions,…

Autonomous driving systems have witnessed a significant development during the past years thanks to the advance in machine learning-enabled sensing and decision-making algorithms. One critical challenge for their massive deployment in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Wenhao Ding , Chejian Xu , Mansur Arief , Haohong Lin , Bo Li , Ding Zhao

Autonomous agents (robots) face tremendous challenges while interacting with heterogeneous human agents in close proximity. One of these challenges is that the autonomous agent does not have an accurate model tailored to the specific human…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Shuangge Wang , Yiwei Lyu , John M. Dolan

Despite advancements in perception and planning for autonomous vehicles (AVs), validating their performance remains a significant challenge. The deployment of planning algorithms in real-world environments is often ineffective due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Joshua Ransiek , Philipp Reis , Tobias Schürmann , Eric Sax

We propose a framework that enables autonomous vehicles (AVs) to proactively shape the intentions and behaviors of interacting human drivers. The framework employs a leader-follower game model with an adaptive role mechanism to predict…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Chaozhe R. He , Yichen Dong , Nan Li

For autonomous vehicles (AVs) to behave appropriately on roads populated by human-driven vehicles, they must be able to reason about the uncertain intentions and decisions of other drivers from rich perceptual information. Towards these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Nicholas Rhinehart , Rowan McAllister , Kris Kitani , Sergey Levine

The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Safely interacting with other traffic participants is one of the core requirements for autonomous driving, especially in intersections and occlusions. Most existing approaches are designed for particular scenarios and require significant…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yingbing Chen , Ren Xin , Jie Cheng , Qingwen Zhang , Xiaodong Mei , Ming Liu , Lujia Wang

Generating multi-vehicle interaction scenarios can benefit motion planning and decision making of autonomous vehicles when on-road data is insufficient. This paper presents an efficient approach to generate varied multi-vehicle interaction…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Weiyang Zhang , Wenshuo Wang , Ding Zhao