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Despite recent efforts in understanding the compression impact on large language models (LLMs) in terms of their downstream task performance and trustworthiness on relatively simpler uni-modal benchmarks (for example, question answering,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Souvik Kundu , Anahita Bhiwandiwalla , Sungduk Yu , Phillip Howard , Tiep Le , Sharath Nittur Sridhar , David Cobbley , Hao Kang , Vasudev Lal

Recently, vision model pre-training has evolved from relying on manually annotated datasets to leveraging large-scale, web-crawled image-text data. Despite these advances, there is no pre-training method that effectively exploits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chenyu Yang , Xizhou Zhu , Jinguo Zhu , Weijie Su , Junjie Wang , Xuan Dong , Wenhai Wang , Lewei Lu , Bin Li , Jie Zhou , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai

Long video understanding poses a significant challenge for current Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs). Notably, the MLLMs are constrained by their limited context lengths and the substantial costs while processing long videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yan Shu , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang , Minghao Qin , Junjie Zhou , Zhengyang Liang , Tiejun Huang , Bo Zhao

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are broadly empowering various fields. Despite their advancements, the explainability of MLLMs remains less explored, hindering deeper understanding, model credibility, and effective visualization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yi Li , Hualiang Wang , Xinpeng Ding , Haonan Wang , Xiaomeng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to data-intensive workflows, from database querying to developer observability. Yet the effectiveness of these systems is constrained by the volume, verbosity, and noise of real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Marcus Emmanuel Barnes , Taher A. Ghaleb , Safwat Hassan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated great performance on visual question answering (VQA). When it comes to knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KB-VQA), MLLMs may lack the specialized domain knowledge needed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Weixi Weng , Jieming Zhu , Xiaojun Meng , Hao Zhang , Rui Zhang , Chun Yuan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from high computational costs due to their massive size and the large number of visual tokens. In this paper, we investigate layer-wise redundancy in MLLMs by introducing a novel metric, Layer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Qianhao Yuan , Qingyu Zhang , Yanjiang Liu , Jiawei Chen , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Jia Zheng , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

In this paper, we present a simple, flexible and effective vision-language (VL) tracking pipeline, termed \textbf{MMTrack}, which casts VL tracking as a token generation task. Traditional paradigms address VL tracking task indirectly with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Yaozong Zheng , Bineng Zhong , Qihua Liang , Guorong Li , Rongrong Ji , Xianxian Li

Extending Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to multimodal large language models (MLLMs) faces a fundamental challenge: their responses inherently interleave perception-related tokens, which ground visual content, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jinda Lu , Junkang Wu , Jinghan Li , Kexin Huang , Shuo Yang , Guoyin Wang , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Noel Elias , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Kaan Kale , Sriram Vishwanath , Muriel Medard

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become essential for transfer learning across diverse tasks. However, adapting these models with limited few-shot data often leads to overfitting, diminishing their performance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yuncheng Guo , Xiaodong Gu

Despite interpretability work analyzing VIT encoders and transformer activations, we don't yet understand why Multimodal Language Models (MLMs) struggle on perception-heavy tasks. We offer an under-studied perspective by examining how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Benlin Liu , Amita Kamath , Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Winson Han , Ranjay Krishna

The rise of large language models (LLMs) is revolutionizing information retrieval, question answering, summarization, and code generation tasks. However, in addition to confidently presenting factually inaccurate information at times (known…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Henry Gilbert , Michael Sandborn , Douglas C. Schmidt , Jesse Spencer-Smith , Jules White

Despite the increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs), we still have a limited understanding of how their representational spaces are structured. This limits our ability to interpret how and what they learn or relate them to…

This paper presents several novel findings on the explainability of vision reflection in large multimodal models (LMMs). First, we show that prompting an LMM to verify the prediction of a specialized vision model can improve recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Guoyuan An , JaeYoon Kim , SungEui Yoon

Text-rich images, where text serves as the central visual element guiding the overall understanding, are prevalent in real-world applications, such as presentation slides, scanned documents, and webpage snapshots. Tasks involving multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Mengzhao Jia , Wenhao Yu , Kaixin Ma , Tianqing Fang , Zhihan Zhang , Siru Ouyang , Hongming Zhang , Dong Yu , Meng Jiang

Self-attention and transformers have been widely used in deep learning. Recent efforts have been devoted to incorporating transformer blocks into different neural architectures, including those with convolutions, leading to various visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yancheng Wang , Yingzhen Yang

The development of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) with the ability to perceive data formats beyond text, significantly advancing a range of downstream applications, such as visual question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Minbin Huang , Runhui Huang , Han Shi , Yimeng Chen , Chuanyang Zheng , Xiangguo Sun , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Hong Cheng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable success in comprehension tasks such as visual description and visual question answering. However, their direct application to embedding-based tasks like retrieval remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lihao Liu , Yan Wang , Biao Yang , Da Li , Jiangxia Cao , Yuxiao Luo , Xiang Chen , Xiangyu Wu , Wei Yuan , Fan Yang , Guiguang Ding , Tingting Gao , Guorui Zhou

Due to the substantial scale of Large Language Models (LLMs), the direct application of conventional compression methodologies proves impractical. The computational demands associated with even minimal gradient updates present challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta