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Large language models (LLMs) have triggered a new stream of research focusing on compressing the context length to reduce the computational cost while ensuring the retention of helpful information for LLMs to answer the given question.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Barys Liskavets , Maxim Ushakov , Shuvendu Roy , Mark Klibanov , Ali Etemad , Shane Luke

In-context learning (ICL) allows large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks directly from the given demonstrations without requiring gradient updates. While recent advances have expanded context windows to accommodate more…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in time-critical systems, such as robotics, autonomous driving, embodied intelligence, and industrial automation, where generating accurate responses within a given time budget is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Qi Fan , An Zou , Yehan Ma

Effective token compression remains a critical challenge for scaling models to handle increasingly complex and diverse datasets. A novel mechanism based on contextual reinforcement is introduced, dynamically adjusting token importance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Naderdel Piero , Zacharias Cromwell , Nathaniel Wainwright , Matthias Nethercott

In this work, we investigate the potential of a large language model (LLM) to directly comprehend visual signals without the necessity of fine-tuning on multi-modal datasets. The foundational concept of our method views an image as a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Lei Zhu , Fangyun Wei , Yanye Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Transformer-based document cross-encoder rerankers are a central component of modern information retrieval systems. Despite their success, these models suffer from high computational costs due to processing long query-document sequences at…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shengyao Zhuang , Zhichao Xu , Ivano Lauriola

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) greatly improves model quality for downstream tasks. However, serving many fine-tuned LLMs concurrently is challenging due to the sporadic, bursty, and varying request patterns of different LLMs. To…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xiaozhe Yao , Qinghao Hu , Ana Klimovic

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances coding tasks by incorporating retrieved code examples into prompts. However, lengthy prompts, often exceeding tens of thousands of tokens, introduce challenges related to limited context windows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Pengfei He , Shaowei Wang , Tse-Hsun Chen

Integrating vision models into large language models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in creating vision-language foundation models, especially for video understanding. Recent methods often utilize memory banks to handle untrimmed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Sakib Reza , Xiyun Song , Heather Yu , Zongfang Lin , Mohsen Moghaddam , Octavia Camps

Modern foundation models such as large language models (LLMs) and large multi-modal models (LMMs) require a massive amount of computational and memory resources. We propose a new framework to convert such LLMs/LMMs into a reduced-dimension…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu , Wang , Matthew Brand

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are becoming increasingly popular, while the high computational cost associated with multimodal data input, particularly from visual tokens, poses a significant challenge. Existing training-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xudong Tan , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Jianjian Cao , Yaoxin Yang , Lin Zhang , Dongzhan Zhou , Tao Chen

One of the most striking findings in modern research on large language models (LLMs) is that scaling up compute during training leads to better results. However, less attention has been given to the benefits of scaling compute during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Sean Welleck , Amanda Bertsch , Matthew Finlayson , Hailey Schoelkopf , Alex Xie , Graham Neubig , Ilia Kulikov , Zaid Harchaoui

With the advancements in long-context inference capabilities of large language models (LLMs), the KV cache has become one of the foundational components. However, its substantial GPU memory consumption makes KV cache compression a key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Youhui Zuo , Sibo Wei , Chen Zhang , Zhuorui Liu , Wenpeng Lu , Dawei Song

Multi-turn dialogues are essential in many real-world applications of large language models, such as chatbots and virtual assistants. As conversation histories become longer, existing large language models face increasing computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoyang Li , Zhanchao Xu , Yiming Li , Xuejia Chen , Darian Li , Anxin Tian , Qingfa Xiao , Cheng Deng , Jun Wang , Qing Li , Lei Chen , Mingxuan Yuan

Pretraining massively multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) for many languages at once is challenging due to limited model capacity, scarce high-quality data, and compute constraints. Moreover, the lack of language coverage of the…

Fuzzy string matching and language classification are important tools in Natural Language Processing pipelines, this paper provides advances in both areas. We propose a fast novel approach to string tokenisation for fuzzy language matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Malgorzata Pikies , Andronicus Riyono , Junade Ali

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained to support an increasing number of languages, yet their predefined tokenizers remain a bottleneck for adapting models to lower-resource or distinct-script languages. Existing tokenizer transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mykola Haltiuk , Aleksander Smywinski-Pohl

Data Parallelism (DP), Tensor Parallelism (TP), and Pipeline Parallelism (PP) are the three strategies widely adopted to enable fast and efficient Large Language Model (LLM) training. However, these approaches rely on data-intensive…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Lang Xu , Quentin Anthony , Qinghua Zhou , Nawras Alnaasan , Radha R. Gulhane , Aamir Shafi , Hari Subramoni , Dhabaleswar K. Panda