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Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Dennis Rall , Bernhard Bauer , Mohit Mittal , Thomas Fraunholz

LLM-based chatbot agents increasingly process user requests by combining natural-language reasoning with external tools such as web browsing. These capabilities improve usability, but they also create attack surfaces when untrusted external…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongjang Yang , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

Agentic computing systems, while immensely capable, raise serious security, privacy, and safety concerns. A key issue is that the full set of functionalities offered by these systems, combined with their probabilistic execution flows, is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Rohan Sequeira , Stavros Damianakis , Umar Iqbal , Konstantinos Psounis

The generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread deployment across various applications. However, this increased adoption has introduced several security threats, notably in the forms of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francesco Panebianco , Stefano Bonfanti , Francesco Trovò , Michele Carminati

Language model (LM) agents that act on users' behalf for personal tasks (e.g., replying emails) can boost productivity, but are also susceptible to unintended privacy leakage risks. We present the first study on people's capacity to oversee…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhiping Zhang , Bingcan Guo , Tianshi Li

As LLM agents transition from digital assistants to physical controllers in autonomous systems and robotics, they face an escalating threat from indirect prompt injection. By embedding adversarial instructions into the results of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qiang Yu , Xinran Cheng , Chuanyi Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly central to agentic systems due to their strong reasoning and planning capabilities. By interacting with external environments through predefined tools, these agents can carry out complex user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Hao Li , Xiaogeng Liu , Hung-Chun Chiu , Dianqi Li , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Autonomous AI agents that can follow instructions and perform complex multi-step tasks have tremendous potential to boost human productivity. However, to perform many of these tasks, the agents need access to personal information from their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Arman Zharmagambetov , Chuan Guo , Ivan Evtimov , Maya Pavlova , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Recent AI systems combine large language models with tools, external knowledge via retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and even autonomous multi-agent decision loops. This agentic AI paradigm greatly expands capabilities - but also vastly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ali Dehghantanha , Sajad Homayoun

Agentic AI coding editors driven by large language models have recently become more popular due to their ability to improve developer productivity during software development. Modern editors such as Cursor are designed not just for code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yue Liu , Yanjie Zhao , Yunbo Lyu , Ting Zhang , Haoyu Wang , David Lo

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents have emerged as key intermediaries, orchestrating complex interactions between human users and a wide range of digital services and LLM infrastructures. While prior research has extensively examined the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zi Liang , Ronghua Li , Yanyun Wang , Qingqing Ye , Haibo Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly integrated into computer-use agents, which can autonomously operate tools on a user's computer to accomplish complex tasks. However, due to the inherently unstable and unpredictable nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haitao Hu , Peng Chen , Yanpeng Zhao , Yuqi Chen

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in a wide range of complex, real-world applications. However, LLM agents with a compromised memory bank may easily produce harmful outputs when the past…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Shen Dong , Shaochen Xu , Pengfei He , Yige Li , Jiliang Tang , Tianming Liu , Hui Liu , Zhen Xiang

Large Language Model (LLM)-enabled agents are rapidly emerging across a wide range of applications, but their deployment introduces vulnerabilities with security implications. While prior work has examined prompt-based attacks (e.g., prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Derek Lilienthal , Sanghyun Hong

As AI agents automate critical workloads, they remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection (IPI) attacks. Current defenses rely on monitoring protocols that jointly evaluate an agent's Chain-of-Thought (CoT) and tool-use actions to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jafar Isbarov , Murat Kantarcioglu

AI agents are autonomous systems that combine LLMs with external tools to solve complex tasks. While such tools extend capability, improper tool permissions introduce security risks such as indirect prompt injection and tool misuse. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Roy Betser , Shamik Bose , Amit Giloni , Chiara Picardi , Sindhu Padakandla , Roman Vainshtein

Powerful autonomous systems, which reason, plan, and converse using and between numerous tools and agents, are made possible by Large Language Models (LLMs), Vision-Language Models (VLMs), and new agentic AI systems, like LangChain and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Toqeer Ali Syed , Mishal Ateeq Almutairi , Mahmoud Abdel Moaty

The rise of Large Language Model (LLM) agents, augmented with tool use, skills, and external knowledge, has introduced new security risks. Among them, prompt injection attacks, where adversaries embed malicious instructions into the agent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Shihao Weng , Yang Feng , Jinrui Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Jiongchi Yu , Jia Liu

Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems create privacy risks that current benchmarks cannot measure. When agents coordinate on tasks, sensitive data passes through inter-agent messages, shared memory, and tool arguments, all pathways…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Faouzi El Yagoubi , Godwin Badu-Marfo , Ranwa Al Mallah