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We look at equivalence relations on the set of models of a theory -- MERs, for short -- such that the class of equivalent pairs is itself an elementary class, in a language appropriate for pairs of models. We provide many examples of…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-07-24 Michael Benedikt , Ehud Hrushovski

Translations between different nonmonotonic formalisms always have been an important topic in the field, in particular to understand the knowledge-representation capabilities those formalisms offer. We provide such an investigation in terms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Wolfgang Dvorak , Stefan Woltran

Here it is shown that standard set theory can be interpreted in a theory about order. The ordering here is about non-extensional flat classes, i.e. classes that are not elements of classes. So, stipulating a nearly well order over all those…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-20 Zuhair Al-Johar

An elementary rheory of concatenation is introduced and used to establish mutual interpretability of Robinson arithmetic, Minimal Predicative Set Theory, the quantifier-free part of Kirby's finitary set theory, and Adjunctive Set Theory,…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-07-13 Zlatan Damnjanovic

One of the greatest problems in philosophy is that of meaning. The turning point in thinking on meaning was Tarski's definition of truth, and the rapid development of logical semantics and model theory was a consequence of this achievement.…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-05-20 Michael Heller

Interpretability is the study of explaining models in understandable terms to humans. At present, interpretability is divided into two paradigms: the intrinsic paradigm, which believes that only models designed to be explained can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Andreas Madsen , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Siva Reddy , Sarath Chandar

Being able to interpret, or explain, the predictions made by a machine learning model is of fundamental importance. This is especially true when there is interest in deploying data-driven models to make high-stakes decisions, e.g. in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

This is a short paper about the relationship between logic and computation. More specifically, it is about a relationship between the completeness proof for intuitionistic propositional logic within the form of proof-theoretic semantics…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Tao Gu , David Pym , Eike Ritter , Edmund Robinson

We prove a logical implication between two old conjectures stated by Bapat and Sunder about the permanent of positive semidefinite matrices. Although Drury has recently disproved both conjectures, this logical implication yields a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Léo Pioge , Kamil K. Pietrasz , Benoit Seron , Leonardo Novo , Nicolas J. Cerf

Metaphysical interpretations of set theory are either inconsistent or incoherent. The uses of sets in mathematics actually involve three distinct kinds of collections (surveyable, definite, and heuristic), which are governed by three…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2009-05-12 Nik Weaver

G\"odel's Dialectica interpretation was designed to obtain a relative consistency proof for Heyting arithmetic, to be used in conjunction with the double negation interpretation to obtain the consistency of Peano arithmetic. In recent…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-17 Davide Trotta , Matteo Spadetto , Valeria de Paiva

Duality is a central concept in the theory of session types. Since a flaw was found in the original definition of duality for recursive types, several other definitions have been published. As their connection is not obvious, we compare the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Simon J. Gay , Peter Thiemann , Vasco T. Vasconcelos

Everyone knows that if you have a bivariant homology theory satisfying a base change formula, you get an representation of a category of correspondences. For theories in which the covariant and contravariant transfer maps are in mutual…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Andrew W. Macpherson

Large bilingual parallel texts (also known as bitexts) are usually stored in a compressed form, and previous work has shown that they can be more efficiently compressed if the fact that the two texts are mutual translations is exploited.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-01-23 Felipe Sánchez-Martínez , Rafael C. Carrasco , Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto , Joaquin Adiego

Discovering whether words are semantically related and identifying the specific semantic relation that holds between them is of crucial importance for NLP as it is essential for tasks like query expansion in IR. Within this context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Georgios Balikas , Gaël Dias , Rumen Moraliyski , Massih-Reza Amini

In this article, we study translations between variants of defaults logics such that the extensions of the theories that are the input and the output of the translation are in a bijective correspondence. We assume that a translation can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Paolo Liberatore

We investigate sentences which are simultaneously partially conservative over several theories. First, we generalize Bennet's results on this topic to the case of more than two theories. In particular, for any finite family $\{T_i\}_{i \leq…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Taishi Kurahashi , Yuya Okawa , V. Yu. Shavrukov , Albert Visser

User acceptance of artificial intelligence agents might depend on their ability to explain their reasoning, which requires adding an interpretability layer that fa- cilitates users to understand their behavior. This paper focuses on adding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-16 I. Lopez-Gazpio , M. Maritxalar , A. Gonzalez-Agirre , G. Rigau , L. Uria , E. Agirre

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between various conditions implying essential undecidability: our main result is that there exists a theory $T$ in which all partially recursive functions are representable, yet $T$…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-05-13 Emil Jeřábek

Default logic can be regarded as a mechanism to represent families of belief sets of a reasoning agent. As such, it is inherently second-order. In this paper, we study the problem of representability of a family of theories as the set of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Victor Marek , Jan Treur , Miroslaw Truszczynski
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