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Recently, foundation models, particularly large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated an impressive ability to adapt to various tasks by fine-tuning diverse instruction data. Notably, federated foundation models (FedFM) emerge as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Yiyuan Yang , Guodong Long , Tao Shen , Jing Jiang , Michael Blumenstein

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks with minimal additional parameters. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghiem T. Diep , Dung Le , Tuan Truong , Tan Dinh , Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency in the era of large language models. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated commendable performance as a popular and representative method.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zequan Liu , Jiawen Lyn , Wei Zhu , Xing Tian , Yvette Graham

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) is widely used for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for various tasks. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for fine-tuning a single LLM for multiple tasks because it requires overall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Anjir Ahmed Chowdhury , Syed Zawad , Xiaolong Ma , Xu Dong , Feng Yan

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

While Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA have effectively addressed GPU memory constraints during fine-tuning, their performance often falls short, especially in multidimensional task scenarios. To address this issue,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Tianwei Lin , Jiang Liu , Wenqiao Zhang , Zhaocheng Li , Yang Dai , Haoyuan Li , Zhelun Yu , Wanggui He , Juncheng Li , Hao Jiang , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Fine-tuning large diffusion models for custom applications demands substantial power and time, which poses significant challenges for efficient implementation on mobile devices. In this paper, we develop a novel training accelerator…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jinming Lu , Minghao She , Wendong Mao , Zhongfeng Wang

We present a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, dubbed as Adaptive Freezing of Low Rank Adaptation (AFLoRA). Specifically, for each pre-trained frozen weight tensor, we add a parallel path of trainable low-rank matrices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Anni Li , Junrui Wan , Lianghao Jiang , Peter Anthony Beerel

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a popular technique for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). In many real-world scenarios, multiple adapters are loaded simultaneously to enable LLM customization for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Amir Reza Mirzaei , Yuqiao Wen , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

Federated learning (FL) for large language models (LLMs) has attracted increasing attention as a privacy-preserving approach for adapting models over distributed data, where parameter-efficient methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhikang Shen , Jianrong Lu , Haiyuan Wan , Jianhai Chen

The scaling law of Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals a power-law relationship, showing diminishing return on performance as model scale increases. While training LLMs from scratch is resource-intensive, fine-tuning a pre-trained model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yiyun Zhou , Chang Yao , Jingyuan Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable in numerous real-world applications. However, fine-tuning these models at scale, especially in federated settings where data privacy and communication efficiency are critical, presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yao Shu , Wenyang Hu , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Fei Richard Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various domains. However, the enormous number of model parameters makes fine-tuning challenging, significantly limiting their application and deployment. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Ao Shen , Qiang Wang , Zhiquan Lai , Xionglve Li , Dongsheng Li

The fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is pivotal for achieving optimal performance across diverse downstream tasks. However, while full fine-tuning delivers superior results, it entails significant computational and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yao Liang , Yuwei Wang , Yi Zeng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly powering web-based applications, whose effectiveness relies on fine-tuning with large-scale instruction data. However, such data often contains valuable or sensitive information that limits its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yicheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Zhaomin Wu , Jian Hou , Shuiguang Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform many NLP tasks well, but fully fine-tuning them is expensive and requires a lot of memory. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods such as LoRA reduce this cost by adding small low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Anshul Kumar , Gagan Raj Gupta , Manisha Chawla

Federated fine-tuning offers a promising solution for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks while safeguarding data privacy. However, its high computational and communication demands hinder its deployment on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yebo Wu , Jingguang Li , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li

Post-training has become essential for adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex downstream behaviors, including instruction following, preference alignment, and multi-step reasoning. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chengqian Zhang , Wei Zhu , Kyumin Lee

In federated learning, fine-tuning pre-trained foundation models poses significant challenges, particularly regarding high communication cost and suboptimal model performance due to data heterogeneity between the clients. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yongle Li , Bo Liu , Sheng Huang , ZHeng ZHang , Xiaotong Yuan , Richang Hong

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), which introduces a product of two trainable low-rank matrices into frozen pre-trained weights, is widely used for efficient fine-tuning of language models in federated learning (FL). However, when combined with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Seanie Lee , Sangwoo Park , Dong Bok Lee , Dominik Wagner , Haebin Seong , Tobias Bocklet , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang