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Text-to-SQL systems have become crucial for translating natural language into SQL queries in various industries, enabling non-technical users to perform complex data operations. The need for accurate evaluation methods has increased as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Heegyu Kim , Taeyang Jeon , Seunghwan Choi , Seungtaek Choi , Hyunsouk Cho

Recent advances in Text-to-SQL have largely focused on the SQLite dialect, neglecting the diverse landscape of SQL dialects like BigQuery and PostgreSQL. This limitation is due to the diversity in SQL syntaxes and functions, along with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Ruoxi Sun , Hailong Li , Lesly Miculicich , Tomas Pfister , Sercan O. Arik

Converting natural language questions into SQL queries enables non-expert users to interact with relational databases and has long been a central task for natural language interfaces to data. While the WikiSQL dataset played a key role in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Dzmitry Pihulski , Karol Charchut , Viktoria Novogrodskaia , Jan Kocoń

SQL dialects vary in syntax, types, and functions across database engines. Text-to-SQL benchmarks, however, predominantly support only SQLite. This creates a critical evaluation gap: cross-dialect evaluation reveals weak per-query agreement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yotam Perlitz , Elad Venezian , Corentin Royer , Francesco Fusco , Andrea Giovannini

Translating natural language to SQL (Text-to-SQL) is a critical challenge in both database research and data analytics applications. Recent efforts have focused on enhancing SQL reasoning by developing large language models and AI agents…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yuxuan Zhu , Tengjun Jin , Yoojin Choi , Daniel Kang

Although multi-agent collaborative Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs in the Text-to-SQL task, their performance is still constrained by various factors. These factors include the incompleteness of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Xiangjin Xie , Guangwei Xu , Lingyan Zhao , Ruijie Guo

We explore using T5 (Raffel et al. (2019)) to directly translate natural language questions into SQL statements. General purpose natural language that interfaces to information stored within databases requires flexibly translating natural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Ning Li , Bethany Keller , Mark Butler , Daniel Cer

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly contributed to the progress of the Text-to-SQL task. A common requirement in many of these works is the post-correction of SQL queries. However, the majority of this…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Chaofan Li , Yingxia Shao , Yawen Li , Zheng Liu

Text-to-SQL systems powered by Large Language Models have excelled on academic benchmarks but struggle in complex enterprise environments. The primary limitation lies in their reliance on static schema representations, which fails to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bowen Cao , Weibin Liao , Yushi Sun , Dong Fang , Haitao Li , Wai Lam

Text-to-SQL enables non-experts to retrieve data from databases by converting natural language queries into SQL. However, state-of-the-art text-to-SQL studies rely on the BIRD dataset, which assumes that evidence is provided along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Janghyeon Yun , Sang-goo Lee

Natural Language Interfaces for Databases empower non-technical users to interact with data using natural language (NL). Advanced approaches, utilizing either neural sequence-to-sequence or more recent sophisticated large-scale language…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yuankai Fan , Tonghui Ren , Can Huang , Zhenying He , X. Sean Wang

Generating accurate SQL queries for user questions (text-to-SQL) has been a long-standing challenge since it requires a deep understanding of both the user's question and the corresponding database schema in order to retrieve the desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Zijin Hong , Zheng Yuan , Hao Chen , Qinggang Zhang , Feiran Huang , Xiao Huang

Text-to-SQL is a critical task in natural language processing that aims to transform natural language questions into accurate and executable SQL queries. In real-world scenarios, these reasoning tasks are often accompanied by complex…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tao Liu , Xutao Mao , Hongying Zan , Dixuan Zhang , Yifan Li , Haixin Liu , Lulu Kong , Jiaming Hou , Rui Li , YunLong Li , aoze zheng , Zhiqiang Zhang , Luo Zhewei , Kunli Zhang , Min Peng

Text-to-SQL, which enables natural language interaction with databases, serves as a pivotal method across diverse industries. With new, more powerful large language models (LLMs) emerging every few months, fine-tuning has become incredibly…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Boyan Li , Jiayi Zhang , Ju Fan , Yanwei Xu , Chong Chen , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

Text-to-SQL conversion is a critical innovation, simplifying the transition from complex SQL to intuitive natural language queries, especially significant given SQL's prevalence in the job market across various roles. The rise of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Tingkai Zhang , Chaoyu Chen , Cong Liao , Jun Wang , Xudong Zhao , Hang Yu , Jianchao Wang , Jianguo Li , Wenhui Shi

Calibration is crucial as large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to convert natural language queries into SQL for commercial databases. In this work, we investigate calibration techniques for assigning confidence to…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Ashwin Ramachandran , Sunita Sarawagi

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in Text-to-SQL tasks, open-source LLMs encounter challenges in contextual understanding and response coherence. To tackle these issues, we present \ours, a systematic methodology tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiaojun Chen , Tianle Wang , Tianhao Qiu , Jianbin Qin , Min Yang

Existing text-to-SQL research only considers complete questions as the input, but lay-users might strive to formulate a complete question. To build a smarter natural language interface to database systems (NLIDB) that also processes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Naihao Deng , Shuaichen Chang , Peng Shi , Tao Yu , Rui Zhang

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new approach to various natural language processing tasks, utilizing large language models (LLMs) to make predictions based on context that has been supplemented with a few examples or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Linyong Nan , Yilun Zhao , Weijin Zou , Narutatsu Ri , Jaesung Tae , Ellen Zhang , Arman Cohan , Dragomir Radev

The fundamental goal of the Text-to-SQL task is to translate natural language question into SQL query. Current research primarily emphasizes the information coupling between natural language questions and schemas, and significant progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Jiawen Yi , Guo Chen
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