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The recent adoption of machine learning as a tool in real world decision making has spurred interest in understanding how these decisions are being made. Counterfactual Explanations are a popular interpretable machine learning technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Andrew O'Brien , Edward Kim

Current evaluations of agents remain centered around one-shot task completion, failing to account for the inherently iterative and collaborative nature of many real-world problems, where human goals are often underspecified and evolve. We…

In multi-agent systems, the agents may have goals that depend on a social, shared interpretation about the facts occurring in the system. These are the so-called social goals. Artificial institutions provide such a social interpretation by…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Rafhael R. Cunha , Jomi Fred Hübner , Maiquel de Brito

Artificial agents capable of understanding and aligning with others' intentions are essential for safe and socially robust artificial intelligence. We introduce a computational framework for empathy in active inference agents, grounded in…

Epistemic planning can be used for decision making in multi-agent situations with distributed knowledge and capabilities. Recently, Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) has been shown to provide a very natural and expressive framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Thorsten Engesser , Thomas Bolander , Robert Mattmüller , Bernhard Nebel

We discuss representing and reasoning with knowledge about the time-dependent utility of an agent's actions. Time-dependent utility plays a crucial role in the interaction between computation and action under bounded resources. We present a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Eric J. Horvitz , Geoffrey Rutledge

Authorizing Large Language Model driven agents to dynamically invoke tools and access protected resources introduces significant risks, since current methods for delegating authorization grant overly broad permissions and give access to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Majed El Helou , Chiara Troiani , Benjamin Ryder , Jean Diaconu , Hervé Muyal , Marcelo Yannuzzi

As machine learning systems become more powerful they also become increasingly unpredictable and opaque. Yet, finding human-understandable explanations of how they work is essential for their safe deployment. This technical report…

When inferring the goals that others are trying to achieve, people intuitively understand that others might make mistakes along the way. This is crucial for activities such as teaching, offering assistance, and deciding between blame or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Arwa Alanqary , Gloria Z. Lin , Joie Le , Tan Zhi-Xuan , Vikash K. Mansinghka , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Large Language Models (LLMs) have developed rapidly and are widely applied to both general-purpose and professional tasks to assist human users. However, they still struggle to comprehend and respond to the true user needs when intentions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Minyuan Ruan , Ziyue Wang , Kaiming Liu , Yunghwei Lai , Peng Li , Yang Liu

In this preprint, we present A collaborative human-AI approach to building an inspectable semantic layer for Agentic AI. AI agents first propose candidate knowledge structures from diverse data sources; domain experts then validate,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Liam McGee , James Harvey , Lucy Cull , Andreas Vermeulen , Bart-Floris Visscher , Malvika Sharan

Exploration is one of the most important tasks in Reinforcement Learning, but it is not well-defined beyond finite problems in the Dynamic Programming paradigm (see Subsection 2.4). We provide a reinterpretation of exploration which can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-24 John C. Raisbeck , Matthew W. Allen , Hakho Lee

Tool-using agents often incur substantial computational cost due to long reasoning chains and iterative tool usage. In practical scenarios, many tasks become infeasible under constrained tool environments, where the capabilities required…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Liang Cheng , Mingsheng Cai , Jiuming Jiang , Luo Mai

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

Delegation allows an agent to request that another agent completes a task. In many situations the task may be delegated onwards, and this process can repeat until it is eventually, successfully or unsuccessfully, performed. We consider…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Juan Afanador , Nir Oren , Murilo S. Baptista

Intelligent agents such as robots are increasingly deployed in real-world, safety-critical settings. It is vital that these agents are able to explain the reasoning behind their decisions to human counterparts; however, their behavior is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Xijia Zhang , Yue Guo , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara , Joseph Campbell

When a human receives a prediction or recommended course of action from an intelligent agent, what additional information, beyond the prediction or recommendation itself, does the human require from the agent to decide whether to trust or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-09 George J. Cancro , Shimei Pan , James Foulds

Self-evolving agents improve by accumulating and reusing experience from past interactions. Existing work has largely focused on how experience is constructed, represented, and updated, while paying less attention to how experience should…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Weixiang Zhao , Yingshuo Wang , Yichen Zhang , Yanyan Zhao , Yu Zhang , Yang Wu , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Through multi-agent competition, the simple objective of hide-and-seek, and standard reinforcement learning algorithms at scale, we find that agents create a self-supervised autocurriculum inducing multiple distinct rounds of emergent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Bowen Baker , Ingmar Kanitscheider , Todor Markov , Yi Wu , Glenn Powell , Bob McGrew , Igor Mordatch

During the first step of practical reasoning, i.e. deliberation or goals selection, an intelligent agent generates a set of pursuable goals and then selects which of them he commits to achieve. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Mariela Morveli-Espinoza , Cesar Augusto Tacla , Henrique Jasinski