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Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) for 5G is evolving into the extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) to increase the spectrum efficiency by orders of magnitude for 6G communications. ELAA introduces spherical-wave-based…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Zidong Wu , Mingyao Cui , Linglong Dai

Achieving high-rate communication with accurate localization and wireless environment sensing has emerged as an important trend of beyond-fifth and sixth generation cellular systems. Extension of the antenna array to an extremely large…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jie Yang , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Chao-Kai Wen , Pingping Xu

Extremely large antenna arrays (ELAAs) are widely adopted in mmWave/THz communications to compensate for the severe path loss, wherein the channel estimation remains a significant challenge since the Rayleigh distance of ELAAs stretches to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Yiming Chen , Hongwei Wang , Lingxiang Li , Zhi Chen

Technologies like ultra-massive multiple-input-multiple-output (UM-MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are of special interest to meet the key performance indicators of future wireless systems including ubiquitous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yiqin Wang , Chong Han , Shu Sun , Jianhua Zhang

Accurate and ubiquitous localization is crucial for a variety of applications such as logistics, navigation, intelligent transport, monitoring, control, and also for the benefit of communications. Exploiting millimeter-wave (mmWave) signals…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-02 Mohammad A. Nazari , Gonzalo Seco-Granados , Pontus Johannisson , Henk Wymeersch

This paper investigates near-field (NF) position and orientation tracking of a multi-antenna mobile station (MS) using an extremely large antenna array (ELAA)-equipped base station (BS) with a limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-22 Lin Chen , Xiaojun Yuan , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang

This paper studies the deployment of multiple movable antennas (MAs) at the base station (BS) for enhancing the multiuser communication performance. First, we model the multiuser channel in the uplink to characterize the wireless channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Xiangyu Pi , Lipeng Zhu , Zhenyu Xiao , Rui Zhang

This work establishes a framework of near-field communication under different array geometries of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO). We first formulate the near-field spatial non-stationary channel model which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Kangda Zhi , Yi Song , Tianyu Yang , Tuo Wu , Tengjiao Wang , Songyan Xue , Fangzhou Wu , Giuseppe Caire

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been recently advanced to tremendously improve the performance of wireless networks. However, the use of very large antenna arrays brings new issues, such as the significantly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-07 Yong Zeng , Rui Zhang , Zhi Ning Chen

In the next generation of wireless systems, Massive MIMO offers high angular resolution for localization. By virtue of large number of antennas, the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of User Terminals (UTs) can be estimated with high accuracy.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Masoud Arash , Hamed Mirghasemi , Ivan Stupia , Luc Vandendorpe

5G mmWave MIMO systems enable accurate estimation of the user position and mapping of the radio environment using a single snapshot when both the base station (BS) and user are equipped with large antenna arrays. However, massive arrays are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-30 Alessio Fascista , Angelo Coluccia , Henk Wymeersch , Gonzalo Seco-Granados

This paper investigates coordinated beamforming using a modular linear array (MLA), composed of a pair of physically separated uniform linear arrays (ULAs), treated as sub-arrays. We focus on how such setups can give rise to near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-05 Alva Kosasih , Özlem Tugfe Demir , Emil Björnson

The sixth-generation (6G) wireless systems are expected to adopt extremely large aperture arrays (ELAAs), novel antenna architectures, and operate in extremely high-frequency bands to meet growing data demands. ELAAs significantly increase…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Wen-Xuan Long , Shengyu Ye , Marco Moretti , Michele Morelli , Luca Sanguinetti , Rui Chen , Cheng-Xiang Wang

Extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAAs) envisioned for 6G enable high-resolution sensing. However, the ELAAs worked in extremely high frequency will push operation into the near-field region, where spherical wavefronts invalidate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-01 Tong Wei , Kumar Vijay Mishra , Bhavani Shankar M. R. , Björn Ottersten

This letter exploits moving arrays to enable nearfield multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sensing via a limited number of antenna elements. We consider a scenario where a base station (BS) is equipped with a uniform linear array (ULA) on…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-15 Yilong Chen , Zixiang Ren , Xianghao Yu , Lei Liu , Jie Xu

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (M-MIMO) is a key technology for 5G networks. Within this research area, new types of deployment are arising, such as the extremely-large regime (XL- MIMO), where the antenna array at the base station…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Gabriel Avanzi Ubiali , Taufik Abrão

In this paper, we investigate multi-user modular extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) communication systems, where modular extremely large-scale uniform linear array (XL-ULA) is deployed at the base station (BS) to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xinrui Li , Zhenjun Dong , Yong Zeng , Shi Jin , Rui Zhang

Movable antenna (MA) is a promising technology to improve wireless communication performance by varying the antenna position in a given finite area at the transceivers to create more favorable channel conditions. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lipeng Zhu , Wenyan Ma , Boyu Ning , Rui Zhang

This paper investigates beam training techniques for near-field (NF) extremely large-scale antenna arrays (ELAAs). Existing NF beam training methods predominantly rely on beam focusing, where the base station (BS) transmits highly spatially…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ran Li , Ziyi Xu , Ying-Jun Angela Zhang