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Unlike popular modularized framework, end-to-end autonomous driving seeks to solve the perception, decision and control problems in an integrated way, which can be more adapting to new scenarios and easier to generalize at scale. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Current Vision-Language Model (VLM)-based end-to-end autonomous driving systems often leverage large language models to generate driving decisions directly based on their understanding of the current scene. However, such systems introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Dacheng Liao , Mengshi Qi , Peng Shu , Zhining Zhang , Yuxin Lin , Liang Liu , Huadong Ma

The applications of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in the field of Autonomous Driving (AD) have attracted widespread attention due to their outstanding performance and the ability to leverage Large Language Models (LLMs). By incorporating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xingcheng Zhou , Mingyu Liu , Ekim Yurtsever , Bare Luka Zagar , Walter Zimmer , Hu Cao , Alois C. Knoll

End-to-end autonomous driving has emerged as a promising approach to unify perception, prediction, and planning within a single framework, reducing information loss and improving adaptability. However, existing methods often rely on fixed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yuhang Lu , Jiadong Tu , Yuexin Ma , Xinge Zhu

Current roadside perception systems mainly focus on instance-level perception, which fall short in enabling interaction via natural language and reasoning about traffic behaviors in context. To bridge this gap, we introduce RoadSceneVQA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Runwei Guan , Rongsheng Hu , Shangshu Chen , Ningyuan Xiao , Xue Xia , Jiayang Liu , Beibei Chen , Ziren Tang , Ningwei Ouyang , Shaofeng Liang , Yuxuan Fan , Wanjie Sun , Yutao Yue

Vision-language models (VLMs) show promise for autonomous driving but often lack transparent reasoning capabilities that are critical for safety. We investigate whether explicitly modeling reasoning during fine-tuning enhances VLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Amirhosein Chahe , Lifeng Zhou

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) must make reliable decisions in dense urban environments where pedestrian behavior is variable, sometimes abnormal, and often unseen during training. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based AV control systems perform…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Aidana Baimbetova , Haruki Yonekura , Hamada Rizk , Hirozumi Yamaguchi

We present DyNaVLM, an end-to-end vision-language navigation framework using Vision-Language Models (VLM). In contrast to prior methods constrained by fixed angular or distance intervals, our system empowers agents to freely select…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Zihe Ji , Huangxuan Lin , Yue Gao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are rapidly becoming the intelligence brain of end-to-end autonomous driving systems. A key challenge is to assess whether MLLMs can truly understand and follow complex real-world traffic rules.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Enhui Ma , Jiahuan Zhang , Guantian Zheng , Tao Tang , Shengbo Eben Li , Yuhang Lu , Xia Zhou , Xueyang Zhang , Yifei Zhan , Kun Zhan , Zhihui Hao , Xianpeng Lang , Kaicheng Yu

We present an integrated approach for perception and control for an autonomous vehicle and demonstrate this approach in a high-fidelity urban driving simulator. Our approach first builds a model for the environment, then trains a policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-19 Ali Baheri , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard , H. Eric Tseng , Dimitar Filev

The current expressway operation relies on rule-based and isolated models, which limits the ability to jointly analyze knowledge across different systems. Meanwhile, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in intelligent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zihe Wang , Yihuan Wang , Haiyang Yu. Zhiyong Cui , Xiaojian Liao , Chengcheng Wang , Yonglin Tian , Yongxin Tong

The Large Visual-Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly advanced image understanding. Their comprehension and reasoning capabilities enable promising applications in autonomous driving scenarios. However, existing research typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zongchuang Zhao , Haoyu Fu , Dingkang Liang , Xin Zhou , Dingyuan Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Bing Wang , Xiang Bai

Maintaining good driving behavior in out-of-distribution scenarios remains a critical challenge in autonomous driving. A promising direction is to leverage the generalist knowledge and reasoning capabilities of large-language models by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Luke Rowe , Rodrigue de Schaetzen , Roger Girgis , Christopher Pal , Liam Paull

Many fields could benefit from the rapid development of the large language models (LLMs). The end-to-end autonomous driving (e2eAD) is one of the typically fields facing new opportunities as the LLMs have supported more and more modalities.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Peiru Zheng , Yun Zhao , Zhan Gong , Hong Zhu , Shaohua Wu

End-to-end vision-based imitation learning has demonstrated promising results in autonomous driving by learning control commands directly from expert demonstrations. However, traditional approaches rely on either regressionbased models,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Elahe Delavari , Aws Khalil , Jaerock Kwon

Perception-driven approach and end-to-end system are two major vision-based frameworks for self-driving cars. However, it is difficult to introduce attention and historical information of autonomous driving process, which are the essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Shitao Chen , Songyi Zhang , Jinghao Shang , Badong Chen , Nanning Zheng

Autonomous driving (AD) systems relying solely on onboard sensors may fail to detect distant or obstacle hazards, potentially causing preventable collisions; however, existing transformer-based Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) approaches, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Fengze Yang , Bo Yu , Yang Zhou , Xuewen Luo , Zhengzhong Tu , Chenxi Liu

In the coming years and decades, autonomous vehicles (AVs) will become increasingly prevalent, offering new opportunities for safer and more convenient travel and potentially smarter traffic control methods exploiting automation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Tianyu Shi , Yifei Ai , Omar ElSamadisy , Baher Abdulhai

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in autonomous driving (AD) by offering human-like reasoning and open-world generalization. However, the excessive computational overhead and high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruoyu Yao , Ruiguo Zhong , Pei Liu , Mingxing Peng , Rui Yang , Jun Ma

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing reasoning mechanisms still struggle to provide planning-oriented intermediate representations: textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minqing Huang , Yujiao Xiang , Zihan Liang , Jiajie Huang , Jingqi Wang , Zhi Xu , Feiyang Tan , Hangning Zhou , Mu Yang , Gong Che