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Development of autonomous cyber system defense strategies and action recommendations in the real-world is challenging, and includes characterizing system state uncertainties and attack-defense dynamics. We propose a data-driven deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Ashutosh Dutta , Samrat Chatterjee , Arnab Bhattacharya , Mahantesh Halappanavar

Adversarial examples derived from deliberately crafted perturbations on visual inputs can easily harm decision process of deep neural networks. To prevent potential threats, various adversarial training-based defense methods have grown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Byung-Kwan Lee , Junho Kim , Yong Man Ro

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capability of vision-language models (VLMs). However, RL-based optimization typically depends on costly high-quality annotations that are difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lin Qiu , Hanqing Zeng , Yao Liu , Bingjun Sun , Guangdeng Liao , Ji Liu

Adversarial representation learning aims to learn data representations for a target task while removing unwanted sensitive information at the same time. Existing methods learn model parameters iteratively through stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Bashir Sadeghi , Lan Wang , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has demonstrated remarkable success in developing autonomous driving policies. However, its vulnerability to adversarial attacks remains a critical barrier to real-world deployment. Although existing robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Junchao Fan , Qi Wei , Ruichen Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Yang Lu , Jianhua Wang , Xiaolin Chang , Bo Ai

Adversarial training provides a principled approach for training robust neural networks. From an optimization perspective, adversarial training is essentially solving a bilevel optimization problem. The leader problem is trying to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Haoming Jiang , Zhehui Chen , Yuyang Shi , Bo Dai , Tuo Zhao

In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), an agent seeks to replicate expert demonstrations through interactions with the environment. Traditionally, IRL is treated as an adversarial game, where an adversary searches over reward models, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Arnav Kumar Jain , Harley Wiltzer , Jesse Farebrother , Irina Rish , Glen Berseth , Sanjiban Choudhury

Adversarial training is a defense method that trains machine learning models on intentionally perturbed attack inputs, so they learn to be robust against adversarial examples. This paper develops a robust voltage control framework for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Sungjoo Chung , Ying Zhang

With the wide application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques in complex fields such as autonomous driving, intelligent manufacturing, and smart healthcare, how to improve its security and robustness in dynamic and changeable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wu Yichao , Wang Yirui , Ding Panpan , Wang Hailong , Zhu Bingqian , Liu Chun

The Maximal Covering Location-Interdiction Problem (MCLIP) is a classic bi-level optimization problem, which is fundamental to resilient infrastructure planning yet remains computationally intractable. Specifically, the upper level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Changhao Miao , Yuntian Zhang , Tongyu Wu , Fang Deng , Chen Chen

We study a robust alternative to empirical risk minimization called distributionally robust learning (DRL), in which one learns to perform against an adversary who can choose the data distribution from a specified set of distributions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-19 Charlie Frogner , Sebastian Claici , Edward Chien , Justin Solomon

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision tasks. However, recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of RL policies to different perturbations, raising concerns about their effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao

Modern algorithms in the domain of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) demonstrated remarkable successes; most widely known are those in game-based scenarios, from ATARI video games to Go and the StarCraft~\textsc{II} real-time strategy game.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Eric MSP Veith , Nils Wenninghoff , Emilie Frost

Robustness against adversarial attacks and distribution shifts is a long-standing goal of Reinforcement Learning (RL). To this end, Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning (RARL) trains a protagonist against destabilizing forces exercised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Aryaman Reddi , Maximilian Tölle , Jan Peters , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Carlo D'Eramo

A deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agent observes its states through observations, which may contain natural measurement errors or adversarial noises. Since the observations deviate from the true states, they can mislead the agent into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Huan Zhang , Hongge Chen , Chaowei Xiao , Bo Li , Mingyan Liu , Duane Boning , Cho-Jui Hsieh

The fragility of deep neural networks to adversarially-chosen inputs has motivated the need to revisit deep learning algorithms. Including adversarial examples during training is a popular defense mechanism against adversarial attacks. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Jacob H. Seidman , Mahyar Fazlyab , Victor M. Preciado , George J. Pappas

Recent studies have shown that deep reinforcement learning agents are vulnerable to small adversarial perturbations on the agent's inputs, which raises concerns about deploying such agents in the real world. To address this issue, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Tuomas Oikarinen , Wang Zhang , Alexandre Megretski , Luca Daniel , Tsui-Wei Weng

Inferring an adversary's goals from exhibited behavior is crucial for counterplanning and non-cooperative multi-agent systems in domains like cybersecurity, military, and strategy games. Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Paul Ghanem , Owen Howell , Michael Potter , Pau Closas , Alireza Ramezani , Deniz Erdogmus , Tales Imbiriba

Autonomous agents must often deal with conflicting requirements, such as completing tasks using the least amount of time/energy, learning multiple tasks, or dealing with multiple opponents. In the context of reinforcement learning~(RL),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Santiago Paternain , Luiz F. O. Chamon , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Alejandro Ribeiro

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has become a powerful tool for complex decision-making in machine learning and AI. However, traditional methods often assume perfect action execution, overlooking the uncertainties and deviations between an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Oren Fivel , Matan Rudman , Kobi Cohen