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Machine learning (ML) algorithms can often differ in performance across domains. Understanding $\textit{why}$ their performance differs is crucial for determining what types of interventions (e.g., algorithmic or operational) are most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jean Feng , Harvineet Singh , Fan Xia , Adarsh Subbaswamy , Alexej Gossmann

The dynamicity of real-world systems poses a significant challenge to deployed predictive machine learning (ML) models. Changes in the system on which the ML model has been trained may lead to performance degradation during the system's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Firas Bayram , Bestoun S. Ahmed , Andreas Kassler

The ability to detect and adapt to changes in data distributions is crucial to maintain the accuracy and reliability of machine learning models. Detection is generally approached by observing the drift of model performance from a global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Flavio Giobergia , Eliana Pastor , Luca de Alfaro , Elena Baralis

Drift in machine learning refers to the phenomenon where the statistical properties of data or context, in which the model operates, change over time leading to a decrease in its performance. Therefore, maintaining a constant monitoring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Saeed Khaki , Akhouri Abhinav Aditya , Zohar Karnin , Lan Ma , Olivia Pan , Samarth Marudheri Chandrashekar

Machine learning models frequently experience performance drops under distribution shifts. The underlying cause of such shifts may be multiple simultaneous factors such as changes in data quality, differences in specific covariate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Haoran Zhang , Harvineet Singh , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Shalmali Joshi

A fundamental issue for statistical classification models in a streaming environment is that the joint distribution between predictor and response variables changes over time (a phenomenon also known as concept drifts), such that their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-11 Shujian Yu , Zubin Abraham , Heng Wang , Mohak Shah , Yantao Wei , José C. Príncipe

The performance of machine learning models relies heavily on the quality of input data, yet real-world applications often face significant data-related challenges. A common issue arises when curating training data or deploying models: two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Varun Babbar , Zhicheng Guo , Cynthia Rudin

A trained ML model is deployed on another `test' dataset where target feature values (labels) are unknown. Drift is distribution change between the training and deployment data, which is concerning if model performance changes. For a…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-07 Samuel Ackerman , Eitan Farchi , Orna Raz , Marcel Zalmanovici , Parijat Dube

Deep learning-based trajectory prediction models have demonstrated promising capabilities in capturing complex interactions. However, their out-of-distribution generalization remains a significant challenge, particularly due to unbalanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kumar Manas , Christian Schlauch , Adrian Paschke , Christian Wirth , Nadja Klein

ML models deployed in production often have to face unknown domain changes, fundamentally different from their training settings. Performance prediction models carry out the crucial task of measuring the impact of these changes on model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Simona Maggio , Victor Bouvier , Léo Dreyfus-Schmidt

While many real-world data streams imply that they change frequently in a nonstationary way, most of deep learning methods optimize neural networks on training data, and this leads to severe performance degradation when dataset shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Wonju Lee , Seok-Yong Byun , Jooeun Kim , Minje Park , Kirill Chechil

Distribution shift is a common situation in machine learning tasks, where the data used for training a model is different from the data the model is applied to in the real world. This issue arises across multiple technical settings: from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nicolas Acevedo , Carmen Cortez , Chris Brooks , Rene Kizilcec , Renzhe Yu

Distribution shifts remain a fundamental problem for the safe application of machine learning systems. If undetected, they may impact the real-world performance of such systems or will at least render original performance claims invalid. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Lisa M. Koch , Christian M. Schürch , Christian F. Baumgartner , Arthur Gretton , Philipp Berens

Concept shift occurs when the distribution of labels conditioned on the features changes between domains, which can make even a well-tuned ML model miscalibrated on a new domain. Identifying these shifted features provides unique insight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ruiqi Lyu , Alistair Turcan , Bryan Wilder

Machine Learning (ML) is more than just training models, the whole workflow must be considered. Once deployed, a ML model needs to be watched and constantly supervised and debugged to guarantee its validity and robustness in unexpected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca , Peini Liu , Jordi Guitart , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison , Jeffrey Falkanger , Miroslav Hodak

Machine learning models often deteriorate in their performance when they are used to predict the outcomes over data on which they were not trained. These scenarios can often arise in real world when the distribution of data changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Narayanan U. Edakunni , Utkarsh Tekriwal , Anukriti Jain

Data drift is the change in model input data that is one of the key factors leading to machine learning models performance degradation over time. Monitoring drift helps detecting these issues and preventing their harmful consequences.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Ella Rabinovich , Matan Vetzler , Samuel Ackerman , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Prediction models can perform poorly when deployed to target distributions different from the training distribution. To understand these operational failure modes, we develop a method, called DIstribution Shift DEcomposition (DISDE), to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-12 Tiffany Tianhui Cai , Hongseok Namkoong , Steve Yadlowsky

Machine learning models often perform poorly on subgroups that are underrepresented in the training data. Yet, little is understood on the variation in mechanisms that cause subpopulation shifts, and how algorithms generalize across such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yuzhe Yang , Haoran Zhang , Dina Katabi , Marzyeh Ghassemi

Performative distribution shift captures the setting where the choice of which ML model is deployed changes the data distribution. For example, a bank which uses the number of open credit lines to determine a customer's risk of default on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Zachary Izzo , Lexing Ying , James Zou
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