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Transformers with linear attention (i.e., linear transformers) and state-space models have recently been suggested as a viable linear-time alternative to transformers with softmax attention. However, these models still underperform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Songlin Yang , Bailin Wang , Yu Zhang , Yikang Shen , Yoon Kim

The quadratic computational complexity of softmax transformers has become a bottleneck in long-context scenarios. In contrast, linear attention model families provide a promising direction towards a more efficient sequential model. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Difan Deng , Andreas Bentzen Winje , Lukas Fehring , Marius Lindauer

In the world of deep learning, Transformer models have become very significant, leading to improvements in many areas from understanding language to recognizing images, covering a wide range of applications. Despite their success, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Ghadeer Jaradat , Mohammed Tolba , Ghada Alsuhli , Hani Saleh , Mahmoud Al-Qutayri , Thanos Stouraitis , Baker Mohammad

Reservoir computing (RC) is an effective method for predicting chaotic systems by using a high-dimensional dynamic reservoir with fixed internal weights, while keeping the learning phase linear, which simplifies training and reduces…

Sequence models face a fundamental tradeoff between memory capacity and computational efficiency. Transformers achieve expressive context modeling at quadratic cost, while linear attention and state-space models run in linear time by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yaxita Amin , Helen Zichen Li , Mengfan Zhang , Samet Ayhan

Transformers and deep state space models (SSMs) sit at opposite ends of a basic design choice: attention routes each query through a growing key-value (KV) cache by content-based matching at quadratic cost, while deep SSMs compress context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Naoki Kiyohara , Harrison Bo Hua Zhu , Riccardo El Hassanin , Zhuo Sun , Wenlong Chen , Samir Bhatt , Yingzhen Li

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires caching a growing list of past key-value (KV) pairs, making long-context inference a memory-bound problem. While recent methods have explored quantizing the cache, evicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

With the constant increase of the number of quantum bits (qubits) in the actual quantum computers, implementing and accelerating the prevalent deep learning on quantum computers are becoming possible. Along with this trend, there emerge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Zhepeng Wang , Zhiding Liang , Shanglin Zhou , Caiwen Ding , Yiyu Shi , Weiwen Jiang

Federated learning is an emerging research paradigm enabling collaborative training of machine learning models among different organizations while keeping data private at each institution. Despite recent progress, there remain fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Liangqiong Qu , Yuyin Zhou , Paul Pu Liang , Yingda Xia , Feifei Wang , Ehsan Adeli , Li Fei-Fei , Daniel Rubin

Deep learning is one of the most successful and far-reaching strategies used in machine learning today. However, the scale and utility of neural networks is still greatly limited by the current hardware used to train them. These concerns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Davis Arthur , Prasanna Date

Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a kind of recurrent neural networks (RNN) for sequence and temporal dependency data modeling and its effectiveness has been extensively established. In this work, we propose a hybrid quantum-classical model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-04 Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Shinjae Yoo , Yao-Lung L. Fang

Transformer-based methods have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in 3D semantic segmentation through their powerful attention mechanisms, but the quadratic complexity limits their modeling of long-range dependencies in large-scale point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Xinyu Wang , Jinghua Hou , Zhe Liu , Yingying Zhu

Traditional KV cache eviction strategies, which discard less critical KV-pairs based on attention scores, often degrade generation quality, causing context loss or hallucinations. Recent efforts shift toward KV merging, merging eviction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Kunxi Li , Yufan Xiong , Zhonghua Jiang , Yiyun Zhou , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

We propose Lizard, a linearization framework that transforms pretrained Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) into subquadratic architectures. Transformers faces severe computational and memory bottlenecks with long sequences due…

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge, particularly in contexts where computational resources are limited. Traditional attention mechanisms in these models, while powerful, require significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Processing long-context inputs with large language models presents a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache during inference. Existing KV cache compression methods exhibit noticeable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dongquan Yang , Yifan Yang , Xiaotian Yu , Xianbiao Qi , Rong Xiao

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) towards applications with ultra-long contexts faces challenges posed by the high computational and memory costs of the Transformer architecture. While existing sparse and linear attention…

Sequence modeling layers in modern language models typically face a trade-off between storage capacity and computational efficiency. While softmax attention offers unbounded storage at prohibitive quadratic cost, linear variants are more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Tianyu Zhao , Llion Jones

Accurate classification of multipartite entanglement in high-dimensional quantum systems is crucial for advancing quantum communication and information processing. However, conventional methods are resource-intensive, and even many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Qian Sun , Yuedong Sun , Yu Hu , Yihan Ma , Runqi Han , Nan Jiang

As long-context language modeling becomes increasingly important, the cost of maintaining and attending to large Key/Value (KV) caches grows rapidly, becoming a major bottleneck in both training and inference. While prior works such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu , Ben Lengerich , Ying Nian Wu