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Machine learning models may inadvertently memorize sensitive, unauthorized, or malicious data, posing risks of privacy breaches, security vulnerabilities, and performance degradation. To address these issues, machine unlearning has emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Jie Xu , Zihan Wu , Cong Wang , Xiaohua Jia

Machine unlearning is the task of updating machine learning (ML) models after a subset of the training data they were trained on is deleted. Methods for the task are desired to combine effectiveness and efficiency, i.e., they should…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Ananth Mahadevan , Michael Mathioudakis

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but raise ethical and security concerns by memorizing sensitive data, reinforcing biases, and producing harmful content. These risks have spurred interest in LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changsheng Wang , Yihua Zhang , Dennis Wei , Jinghan Jia , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu

Large language models (LLMs) possess strong semantic understanding, driving significant progress in data mining applications. This is further enhanced by large reasoning models (LRMs), which provide explicit multi-step reasoning traces. On…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Aobo Chen , Chenxu Zhao , Chenglin Miao , Mengdi Huai

Machine unlearning is concerned with the task of removing knowledge learned from particular data points from a trained model. In the context of large language models (LLMs), unlearning has recently received increased attention, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aravind Krishnan , Siva Reddy , Marius Mosbach

The task of "unlearning" certain concepts in large language models (LLMs) has attracted immense attention recently, due to its importance in mitigating undesirable model behaviours, such as the generation of harmful, private, or incorrect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yihuai Hong , Lei Yu , Haiqin Yang , Shauli Ravfogel , Mor Geva

Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning aims to erase or suppress undesirable knowledge within the model, offering promise for controlling harmful or private information to prevent misuse. However, recent studies highlight its limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Xiaotian Ye , Mengqi Zhang , Shu Wu

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have spurred a new research paradigm in natural language processing. Despite their excellent capability in knowledge-based question answering and reasoning, their potential to retain faulty or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Nianwen Si , Hao Zhang , Heyu Chang , Wenlin Zhang , Dan Qu , Weiqiang Zhang

Large language model unlearning has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to address security and privacy concerns, leading to extensive research in the field. However, much of this research has concentrated on instance-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Weitao Ma , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Lei Huang , Yangfan Ye , Xiachong Feng , Bing Qin

Machine learning has attracted widespread attention and evolved into an enabling technology for a wide range of highly successful applications, such as intelligent computer vision, speech recognition, medical diagnosis, and more. Yet a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

As pretrained models are increasingly shared on the web, ensuring that models can forget or delete sensitive, copyrighted, or private information upon request has become crucial. Machine unlearning has been proposed to address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yurim Jang , Jaeung Lee , Dohyun Kim , Jaemin Jo , Simon S. Woo

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to eliminate information that has been learned from specific training data, namely forgetting data, from a pre-trained model. Currently, the mainstream of existing MU methods involves modifying the forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zhengbao He , Tao Li , Xinwen Cheng , Zhehao Huang , Xiaolin Huang

This study investigates the concept of the `right to be forgotten' within the context of large language models (LLMs). We explore machine unlearning as a pivotal solution, with a focus on pre-trained models--a notably under-researched area.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jin Yao , Eli Chien , Minxin Du , Xinyao Niu , Tianhao Wang , Zezhou Cheng , Xiang Yue

Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, including attacks that leak information about the model's training data. There has recently been an increase in interest about how to best address privacy concerns, especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Keltin Grimes , Collin Abidi , Cole Frank , Shannon Gallagher

There has been a growing interest in Machine Unlearning recently, primarily due to legal requirements such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act. Thus, multiple approaches were presented to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Alexander Becker , Thomas Liebig

Large language model unlearning aims to remove harmful information that LLMs have learnt to prevent their use for malicious purposes. LLMU and RMU have been proposed as two methods for LLM unlearning, achieving impressive results on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Jai Doshi , Asa Cooper Stickland

Removing the influence of a specified subset of training data from a machine learning model may be required to address issues such as privacy, fairness, and data quality. Retraining the model from scratch on the remaining data after removal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Salvatore Mercuri , Raad Khraishi , Ramin Okhrati , Devesh Batra , Conor Hamill , Taha Ghasempour , Andrew Nowlan

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) aims to enhance safety, mitigate biases, and comply with legal mandates, such as the right to be forgotten. However, existing unlearning methods are brittle: minor query modifications, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Raj Sanjay Shah , Jing Huang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Diyi Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant progress from pre-training on and memorizing a wide range of textual data, however, this process might suffer from privacy issues and violations of data protection regulations. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiaao Chen , Diyi Yang

Machine unlearning focuses on efficiently removing specific data from trained models, addressing privacy and compliance concerns with reasonable costs. Although exact unlearning ensures complete data removal equivalent to retraining, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Nima Naderloui , Shenao Yan , Binghui Wang , Jie Fu , Wendy Hui Wang , Weiran Liu , Yuan Hong