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Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Unitary $k$-designs are distributions of unitary gates that match the Haar distribution up to its $k$-th statistical moment. They are a crucial resource for randomized quantum protocols. However, their implementation on encoded logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-25 Zihan Cheng , Eric Huang , Vedika Khemani , Michael J. Gullans , Matteo Ippoliti

We construct rotated logical states by applying rotation operators to stabilizer states, extending the logical basis and modifying stabilizer generators. Rotation operators affect the effective code distance $d_R$, which decays…

In this work we explore the accuracy of quantum error correction depending of the order of the implemented syndrome measurements. CSS codes require bit-flip and phase flip-syndromes be measured separately. To comply with fault tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Yaakov S. Weinstein

Quantum computers will eventually reach a size at which quantum error correction becomes imperative. Quantum information can be protected from qubit imperfections and flawed control operations by encoding a single logical qubit in multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-15 N. M. Linke , M. Gutierrez , K. A. Landsman , C. Figgatt , S. Debnath , K. R. Brown , C. Monroe

We compare failure distributions of quantum error correction circuits for stochastic errors and coherent errors. We utilize a fully coherent simulation of a fault tolerant quantum error correcting circuit for a $d=3$ Steane and surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-17 Jeff P. Barnes , Colin J. Trout , Dennis G. Lucarelli , B. D. Clader

We analyze the dynamics of entanglement entropy in a generic quantum many-body open system from the perspective of quantum information and error corrections. We introduce a random unitary circuit model with intermittent projective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Soonwon Choi , Yimu Bao , Xiao-Liang Qi , Ehud Altman

Concatenating quantum error correction codes scales error correction capability by driving logical error rates down double-exponentially across levels. However, the noise structure shifts under concatenation, making it hard to choose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Dominik Seuß , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

High-fidelity decoding of quantum error correction codes relies on an accurate experimental model of the physical errors occurring in the device. Because error probabilities can depend on the context of the applied operations, the error…

Analysis of quantum error correcting codes is typically done using a stochastic, Pauli channel error model for describing the noise on physical qubits. However, it was recently found that coherent errors (systematic rotations) on physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-09 Daniel Greenbaum , Zachary Dutton

Characterizing errors in quantum circuits is essential for device calibration, yet detecting rare error events requires a large number of samples. This challenge is particularly severe in calibrating fault-tolerant, error-corrected…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Han Zheng , Chia-Tung Chu , Senrui Chen , Argyris Giannisis Manes , Su-un Lee , Sisi Zhou , Liang Jiang

In many physical systems it is expected that environmental decoherence will exhibit an asymmetry between dephasing and relaxation that may result in qubits experiencing discrete phase errors more frequently than discrete bit errors. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. M. Stephens , Z. W. E. Evans , S. J. Devitt , L. C. L. Hollenberg

Mixed-state phases of matter under local decoherence have recently garnered significant attention due to the ubiquitous presence of noise in current quantum processors. One of the key issues is understanding how topological quantum memory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Seunghun Lee , Eun-Gook Moon

Preparation of high-fidelity logical magic states has remained as a necessary but daunting step towards building a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer. One approach is to fault-tolerantly prepare a magic state in one code and then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Lucas Daguerre , Robin Blume-Kohout , Natalie C. Brown , David Hayes , Isaac H. Kim

Chimera states have been a vibrant subject of research in the recent past, but the analytical treatment of transitions from chimeras to coherent states remains a challenge. Here we analytically derive the necessary conditions for this…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-08-07 Sarbendu Rakshit , Zahra Faghani , Fatemeh Parastesh , Shirin Panahi , Sajad Jafari , Dibakar Ghosh , Matjaz Perc

Recent progress in fault-tolerant quantum computing suggests that leveraging error-syndrome information at the logical layer can substantially improve performance, including the estimation of logical observables from noisy states. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Kento Tsubouchi , Hyukgun Kwon , Liang Jiang , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Typical stabilizer codes aim to solve the general problem of fault-tolerance without regard for the structure of a specific system. By incorporating a broader representation-theoretic perspective, we provide a generalized framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Zachary P. Bradshaw , Margarite L. LaBorde , Dillon Montero

Quantum computers herald the arrival of a new era in which previously intractable computational problems will be solved efficiently. However, quantum technology is held down by decoherence, a phenomenon that is omnipresent in the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Patricio Fuentes

Quantum error correcting code can diagnose potential errors and correct them based on measured outcomes by leveraging syndrome measurement. However, mid-circuit measurement has been technically challenging for early fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-09 Yunzhe Zheng , Keita Kanno

Although qubit coherence times and gate fidelities are continuously improving, logical encoding is essential to achieve fault tolerance in quantum computing. In most encoding schemes, correcting or tracking errors throughout the computation…