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Dysfluencies and variations in speech pronunciation can severely degrade speech recognition performance, and for many individuals with moderate-to-severe speech disorders, voice operated systems do not work. Current speech recognition…

This paper presents a multi-label stuttering detection system trained on multi-corpus, multilingual data in English, German, and Mandarin.By leveraging annotated stuttering data from three languages and four corpora, the model captures…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Felix Haas , Sebastian P. Bayerl

The label noise transition matrix, characterizing the probabilities of a training instance being wrongly annotated, is crucial to designing popular solutions to learning with noisy labels. Existing works heavily rely on finding "anchor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Zhaowei Zhu , Yiwen Song , Yang Liu

The NLP community has long advocated for the construction of multi-annotator datasets to better capture the nuances of language interpretation, subjectivity, and ambiguity. This paper conducts a retrospective study to show how performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Pritam Kadasi , Mayank Singh

Sleep detection and annotation are crucial for researchers to understand sleep patterns, especially in children. With modern wrist-worn watches comprising built-in accelerometers, sleep logs can be collected. However, the annotation of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-14 Ashwin Ram , Sundar Sripada V. S. , Shuvam Keshari , Zizhe Jiang

As supervised fine-tuning of pre-trained models within NLP applications increases in popularity, larger corpora of annotated data are required, especially with increasing parameter counts in large language models. Active learning, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Nathan Beck , Adithya Iyer , Rishabh Iyer

In healthcare, detecting stress and enabling individuals to monitor their mental health and wellbeing is challenging. Advancements in wearable technology now enable continuous physiological data collection. This data can provide insights…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Zachary Dair , Muhammad Muneeb Saad , Urja Pawar , Samantha Dockray , Ruairi O'Reilly

Human annotations play a crucial role in evaluating the performance of GenAI models. Two common challenges in practice, however, are missing annotations (the response variable of interest) and cluster dependence among human-AI interactions…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-27 Zhenghao Zeng , David Arbour , Avi Feller , Ishita Dasgupta , Atanu R Sinha , Edward H. Kennedy

There is a growing interest in creating tools to assist in clinical note generation using the audio of provider-patient encounters. Motivated by this goal and with the help of providers and medical scribes, we developed an annotation scheme…

Recent pre-trained abstractive summarization systems have started to achieve credible performance, but a major barrier to their use in practice is their propensity to output summaries that are not faithful to the input and that contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

The annotation of domain experts is important for some medical applications where the objective ground truth is ambiguous to define, e.g., the rehabilitation for some chronic diseases, and the prescreening of some musculoskeletal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Chongyang Wang , Yuan Gao , Chenyou Fan , Junjie Hu , Tin Lun Lam , Nicholas D. Lane , Nadia Bianchi-Berthouze

Labelling user data is a central part of the design and evaluation of pervasive systems that aim to support the user through situation-aware reasoning. It is essential both in designing and training the system to recognise and reason about…

As AI models tackle increasingly complex problems, ensuring reliable human oversight becomes more challenging due to the difficulty of verifying solutions. Approaches to scaling AI supervision include debate, in which two agents engage in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gabriel Recchia , Chatrik Singh Mangat , Issac Li , Gayatri Krishnakumar

The laborious and costly nature of affect annotation is a key detrimental factor for obtaining large scale corpora with valid and reliable affect labels. Motivated by the lack of tools that can effectively determine an annotator's…

To overcome the limitations and challenges of current automatic table data annotation methods and random table data synthesis approaches, we propose a novel method for synthesizing annotation data specifically designed for table…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Qiyu Hou , Jun Wang , Meixuan Qiao , Lujun Tian

Selecting an effective training signal for machine learning tasks is difficult: expert annotations are expensive, and crowd-sourced annotations may not be reliable. Recent work has demonstrated that learning from a distribution over labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Dustin Wright , Isabelle Augenstein

In this review, we examine the recent progress in saliency prediction and proposed several avenues for future research. In spite of tremendous efforts and huge progress, there is still room for improvement in terms finer-grained analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Ali Borji , Hamed R. Tavakoli , Zoya Bylinskii

Reading fluency assessment is a critical component of literacy programmes, serving to guide and monitor early education interventions. Given the resource intensive nature of the exercise when conducted by teachers, the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mithilesh Vaidya , Binaya Kumar Sahoo , Preeti Rao

Data annotation is crucial for developing machine learning solutions. The current paradigm is to hire ordinary human annotators to annotate data instructed by expert-crafted guidelines. As this paradigm is laborious, tedious, and costly, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yechi Ma , Wei Hua , Shu Kong

This technical report presents Indexity 1.4.0, a web-based tool designed for medical video annotation in surgical data science projects. We describe the main features available for the management of videos, annotations, ontology and users,…