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Hallucinations pose critical risks for large language model (LLM)-based agents, often manifesting as hallucinative actions resulting from fabricated or misinterpreted information within the cognitive context. While recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Weichen Zhang , Yiyou Sun , Pohao Huang , Jiayue Pu , Heyue Lin , Dawn Song

Tool-using agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across web, app, operating-system, and transactional environments. Yet existing safety benchmarks still emphasize explicit risks, potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zuoyu Zhang , Yancheng Zhu

Recent advances in Language Model (LM) agents and tool use, exemplified by applications like ChatGPT Plugins, enable a rich set of capabilities but also amplify potential risks - such as leaking private data or causing financial losses.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Yangjun Ruan , Honghua Dong , Andrew Wang , Silviu Pitis , Yongchao Zhou , Jimmy Ba , Yann Dubois , Chris J. Maddison , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Search agents connect LLMs to the Internet, enabling them to access broader and more up-to-date information. However, this also introduces a new threat surface: unreliable search results can mislead agents into producing unsafe outputs.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianshuo Dong , Sheng Guo , Hao Wang , Xun Chen , Zhuotao Liu , Tianwei Zhang , Ke Xu , Minlie Huang , Han Qiu

Recent advancements in reasoning optimization have greatly enhanced the performance of large language models (LLMs). However, existing work fails to address the complexities of audio-visual scenarios, underscoring the need for further…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Hanan Gani , Nishit Anand , Sayan Nag , Ruohan Gao , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Salman Khan , Dinesh Manocha

AI agents are systems capable of perceiving their environment, autonomously planning and executing tasks. Recent advancements in LLM have introduced a transformative paradigm for AI agents, enabling them to interact with external resources…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Kaiwen Ning , Jiachi Chen , Jingwen Zhang , Wei Li , Zexu Wang , Yuming Feng , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

LLM-based reasoning models have enabled the development of agentic systems that act as co-scientists, assisting in multi-step scientific analysis. However, evaluating these systems is challenging, as it requires realistic, end-to-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Siba Smarak Panigrahi , Jovana Videnović , Maria Brbić

Large Language Model based multi-agent systems are revolutionizing autonomous communication and collaboration, yet they remain vulnerable to security threats like unauthorized access and data breaches. To address this, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Junyuan Mao , Fanci Meng , Yifan Duan , Miao Yu , Xiaojun Jia , Junfeng Fang , Yuxuan Liang , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate productivity tasks (e.g., email, scheduling, document management), but evaluating them on live services is risky due to potentially irreversible changes. Existing…

Education is one of the most promising real-world applications for Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current LLMs rely on static pre-training knowledge and lack adaptation to individual learners, while existing RAG systems fall short…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bingxi Zhao , Jiahao Zhang , Xubin Ren , Zirui Guo , Tianzhe Chu , Yi Ma , Chao Huang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to be increasingly applied across various domains, their widespread adoption necessitates rigorous monitoring to prevent unintended negative consequences and ensure robustness. Furthermore, LLMs must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Seshu Tirupathi , Dhaval Salwala , Elizabeth Daly , Inge Vejsbjerg

Software issue resolution aims to address real-world issues in software repositories (e.g., bug fixing and efficiency optimization) based on natural language descriptions provided by users, representing a key aspect of software maintenance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zhonghao Jiang , David Lo , Zhongxin Liu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) like o3 and DeepSeek-R1 have achieved remarkable progress in reasoning tasks with long cot. However, they remain computationally inefficient and struggle with accuracy when solving problems requiring complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haipeng Luo , Huawen Feng , Qingfeng Sun , Can Xu , Kai Zheng , Yufei Wang , Tao Yang , Han Hu , Yansong Tang

A prerequisite for safe autonomy-in-the-wild is safe testing-in-the-wild. Yet real-world autonomous tests face several unique safety challenges, both due to the possibility of causing harm during a test, as well as the risk of encountering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Silen Naihin , David Atkinson , Marc Green , Merwane Hamadi , Craig Swift , Douglas Schonholtz , Adam Tauman Kalai , David Bau

Safety evaluations of memory-equipped LLM agents typically measure within-task safety: whether an agent completes a single scenario safely, often under adversarial conditions such as prompt injection or memory poisoning. In deployment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ahmad Al-Tawaha , Shangding Gu , Peizhi Niu , Ruoxi Jia , Ming Jin

AI agent-based systems are becoming increasingly integral to modern software architectures, enabling autonomous decision-making, dynamic task execution, and multimodal interactions through large language models (LLMs). However, these…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the development of powerful agentic systems capable of automating complex workflows across various fields. However, these systems are highly vulnerable to indirect prompt injection attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hao Li , Yankai Yang , G. Edward Suh , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

LLM agents achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks but incur high latency and compute cost. In practice, many queries fall within the capability boundary of cutting-edge LLMs and do not require full agent execution, making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yimin Wang , Jiahao Qiu , Xuan Qi , Xinzhe Juan , Jingzhe Shi , Zelin Zhao , Hongru Wang , Shilong Liu , Mengdi Wang

Security analysts are overwhelmed by the volume of alerts and the low context provided by many detection systems. Early-stage investigations typically require manual correlation across multiple log sources, a task that is usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Even Eilertsen , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Gudmund Grov

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza