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Dataset curation has become a basis for strong large language model (LLM) performance. While various rule-based filtering heuristics exist for English and multilingual datasets, model-based filtering techniques have primarily focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bettina Messmer , Vinko Sabolčec , Martin Jaggi

Traditionally, success in multilingual machine translation can be attributed to three key factors in training data: large volume, diverse translation directions, and high quality. In the current practice of fine-tuning large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dawei Zhu , Pinzhen Chen , Miaoran Zhang , Barry Haddow , Xiaoyu Shen , Dietrich Klakow

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive language capabilities. While most of the existing LLMs have very unbalanced performance across different languages, multilingual alignment based on translation parallel data is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Shimao Zhang , Changjiang Gao , Wenhao Zhu , Jiajun Chen , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shujian Huang

Achieving universal translation between all human language pairs is the holy-grail of machine translation (MT) research. While recent progress in massively multilingual MT is one step closer to reaching this goal, it is becoming evident…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Aditya Siddhant , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Yuan Cao , Mia Xu Chen , Isaac Caswell , Xavier Garcia

Large language models (LLMs) have made great progress in classification and text generation tasks. However, they are mainly trained on English data and often struggle with low-resource languages. In this study, we explore adding a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Samin Mahdizadeh Sani , Pouya Sadeghi , Thuy-Trang Vu , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Gholamreza Haffari

High-resource languages such as English, enables the pretraining of high-quality large language models (LLMs). The same can not be said for most other languages as LLMs still underperform for non-English languages, likely due to a gap in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jiayi Wang , Yao Lu , Maurice Weber , Max Ryabinin , David Adelani , Yihong Chen , Raphael Tang , Pontus Stenetorp

The adaption of multilingual pre-trained LLMs into eloquent and helpful assistants is essential to facilitate their use across different language regions. In that spirit, we are the first to conduct an extensive study of the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alexander Arno Weber , Klaudia Thellmann , Jan Ebert , Nicolas Flores-Herr , Jens Lehmann , Michael Fromm , Mehdi Ali

Pre-trained multilingual language models have become an important building block in multilingual natural language processing. In the present paper, we investigate a range of such models to find out how well they transfer discourse-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Murathan Kurfalı , Robert Östling

The impressive development of large language models (LLMs) is expanding into the realm of large multimodal models (LMMs), which incorporate multiple types of data beyond text. However, the nature of multimodal models leads to significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Dongjae Shin , Hyeonseok Lim , Inho Won , Changsu Choi , Minjun Kim , Seungwoo Song , Hangyeol Yoo , Sangmin Kim , Kyungtae Lim

Despite the widespread availability of LLMs, there remains a substantial gap in their capabilities and availability across diverse languages. One approach to address these issues has been to take an existing pre-trained LLM and continue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zoltan Csaki , Bo Li , Jonathan Li , Qiantong Xu , Pian Pawakapan , Leon Zhang , Yun Du , Hengyu Zhao , Changran Hu , Urmish Thakker

Decoder-only LLMs have shown impressive performance in MT due to their ability to learn from extensive datasets and generate high-quality translations. However, LLMs often struggle with the nuances and style required for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Inacio Vieira , Will Allred , Séamus Lankford , Sheila Castilho , Andy Way

Bilingual and multilingual language models offer a promising path toward scaling NLP systems across diverse languages and users. However, their performance often varies wildly between languages as prior works show that adding more languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Skyler Seto , Maartje ter Hoeve , Maureen de Seyssel , David Grangier

The "massively-multilingual" training of multilingual models is known to limit their utility in any one language, and they perform particularly poorly on low-resource languages. However, there is evidence that low-resource languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 C. M. Downey , Terra Blevins , Dhwani Serai , Dwija Parikh , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate promising translation performance among various natural languages. However, many LLMs especially the open-sourced ones, such as BLOOM and LLaMA, are English-dominant and support only dozens of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Wen Yang , Chong Li , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

This research article examines the effectiveness of various pretraining strategies for developing machine translation models tailored to low-resource languages. Although this work considers several low-resource languages, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Idriss Nguepi Nguefack , Mara Finkelstein , Toadoum Sari Sakayo

While preliminary findings indicate that multilingual LLMs exhibit reduced bias compared to monolingual ones, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of multilingual training on bias mitigation, is lacking. This study addresses this gap…

This paper presents a study on strategies to enhance the translation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in the context of machine translation (MT) tasks. The paper proposes a novel paradigm consisting of three stages: Secondary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jiaxin Guo , Hao Yang , Zongyao Li , Daimeng Wei , Hengchao Shang , Xiaoyu Chen

General Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning, but those enhanced for translation struggle with reasoning tasks. To address this, we propose a novel translationenhanced recipe that begins with instruct models and applies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Changjiang Gao , Zixian Huang , Jingyang Gong , Shujian Huang , Lei Li , Fei Yuan

Continued pretraining and instruction tuning on large-scale multilingual data have proven to be effective in scaling large language models (LLMs) to low-resource languages. However, the unaligned nature of such data limits its ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yingli Shen , Wen Lai , Shuo Wang , Ge Gao , Kangyang Luo , Alexander Fraser , Maosong Sun

Multilingual large language models (MLLMs) are jointly trained on data from many different languages such that representation of individual languages can benefit from other languages' data. Impressive performance on zero-shot cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Rochelle Choenni , Dan Garrette , Ekaterina Shutova